【摘要】：自上世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái),發(fā)育在大陸架邊緣的一種特殊類(lèi)型的三角洲(shelf-edge delta),因其厚度大,分布面積廣,儲(chǔ)層物性好,常常與陸坡深水扇體伴生,成藏條件好等特點(diǎn)而引起了廣泛關(guān)注,成為當(dāng)前國(guó)際沉積學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn)和油氣勘探新領(lǐng)域。陸架邊緣三角洲一般形成于相對(duì)海平面下降或低位時(shí)期,主要受控于物源供給、可容納空間和氣候變化,并受到陸坡構(gòu)造活動(dòng)影響;也可發(fā)育在高位時(shí)期,受到波浪與潮汐的影響。前人提出了利用陸架邊緣遷移軌跡預(yù)測(cè)深水沉積和基于陸架斜坡發(fā)育模式預(yù)測(cè)深水沉積的模型,即強(qiáng)烈抬升的陸架邊緣遷移軌跡、強(qiáng)烈加積的陸架斜坡發(fā)育模式,對(duì)應(yīng)的深水區(qū)物質(zhì)傳輸體系為泥質(zhì);水平—輕微下降的陸架邊緣遷移軌跡、強(qiáng)烈前積的陸架斜坡發(fā)育模式,預(yù)示著大量砂體被搬運(yùn)至深水區(qū);輕微抬升的陸架邊緣遷移軌跡、加積與前積的陸架斜坡發(fā)育模式,暗示深水沉積砂體發(fā)育介于上述二者陸架邊緣遷移與深水扇預(yù)測(cè)模式之間。陸架邊緣三角洲—深水扇規(guī)模砂體毗鄰優(yōu)質(zhì)烴源巖,具備多種類(lèi)型的油氣運(yùn)移通道,成藏條件良好,是油氣勘探的有利領(lǐng)域。實(shí)例分析表明:漸新世珠海組沉積時(shí)期構(gòu)造相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,在古珠江充足的供源條件下,南海北坡珠江口盆地鶴山凹陷發(fā)育陸架邊緣三角洲并伴隨陸架不斷向海遷移而不斷進(jìn)積,S型前積體不斷向海遷移,并在晚期發(fā)育下切谷及大型盆底扇沉積。鶴山凹陷珠海組沉積時(shí)期發(fā)育水平—輕微下降的陸架邊緣遷移軌跡,對(duì)應(yīng)于強(qiáng)烈前積的陸架斜坡發(fā)育模式,在珠海組沉積晚期發(fā)育較大規(guī)模疊合連片深水扇富砂沉積體系,是研究區(qū)極好的潛在油氣勘探目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, a special type of delta developed on the edge of the continental shelf (shelf-edge delta),) is often associated with deep-water fans on the continental slope because of its large thickness, wide distribution area and good reservoir physical properties. The characteristics of good reservoir forming conditions have attracted wide attention and become a hot spot in the international sedimentological research and a new field of oil and gas exploration. Continental shelf marginal deltas are generally formed during the relative sea level decline or low levels, mainly controlled by the provenance supply, capable of accommodating spatial and climatic changes, and affected by slope tectonic activity, or developed at high levels. Affected by waves and tides. Previous studies have proposed a model for predicting deep-water deposition using shelf marginal migration trajectory and prediction of deep-water deposition based on shelf slope development model, that is, strongly uplifted shelf marginal migration trajectory and strongly accretive continental shelf slope development model. The corresponding material transport system in the deep water area is muddy, the lateral migration trajectory of the continental shelf edge is reduced slightly, and the strongly accumulated continental shelf slope development pattern indicates that a large number of sand bodies are transported to the deep water area. The continental shelf slope development model of accretion and forward-accumulation suggests that the development of deep-water sedimentary sandbodies lies between the marginal migration of continental shelf and the prediction model of deep-water fan. The continental shelf margin delta-deep water fan scale sand body is adjacent to high quality source rock and has a variety of hydrocarbon migration channels and good reservoir forming conditions. It is a favorable field for oil and gas exploration. The analysis of examples shows that the structure of the Oligocene Zhuhai formation is relatively stable during the sedimentary period, and under the condition of abundant supply of the paleo-Pearl River, The Heshan sag in the Pearl River mouth basin on the northern slope of the South China Sea developed a marginal delta along with the continuous migration of the continental shelf to the sea, and the S-type programe migrated to the sea, and developed in the late stage of the lower cutting valley and the large pelvic floor fan deposits. In the depositional period of the Zhuhai formation in Heshan Sag, the horizontal and slight decline of the continental shelf margin migration track corresponds to the strong forward accumulation model of the continental shelf slope, and in the late sedimentary period of the Zhuhai formation, a large scale superimposed deep-water fan sand rich sedimentary system was developed. It is an excellent potential oil and gas exploration target in the research area.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(北京)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院;中海石油(中國(guó))深圳分公司研究院;
【基金】：國(guó)家科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)子項(xiàng)目(2011ZX05025-005-02) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41272133)~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P618.13

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