本文選題：冰水堆積體 + 林芝地區(qū)��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：林芝地區(qū)位于青藏高原的東南部,是我國(guó)典型的現(xiàn)代海洋性冰川活動(dòng)區(qū),受青藏高原冰期—間冰期氣候的交替影響,冰川活動(dòng)范圍變化較大,充足的降雨及冰雪融水為冰水堆積體的發(fā)育提供了有利的水動(dòng)力條件;此地區(qū)出露的地層主要有寒武系、泥盆系、石炭系、三疊—白堊系和第四系,巖性種類多,且多出現(xiàn)了不同程度的變質(zhì),受區(qū)域構(gòu)造及構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響,為當(dāng)時(shí)冰水堆積體的形成提供了豐富的固體物源條件。林芝地區(qū)典型的冰水堆積體多堆積在人煙稀少的高海拔地區(qū),交通和工程建設(shè)都不方便。20世紀(jì)以前人們對(duì)冰水堆積體的研究極少,尤其是關(guān)于冰水堆積體工程力學(xué)性質(zhì)尚缺乏系統(tǒng)性的全面研究,國(guó)內(nèi)外選擇在冰水堆積體上修建建筑物極為慎重。我國(guó)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)的全面開(kāi)展,又不可避免的要接觸冰水堆積體,工程不能一味的采取繞避措施。本文以西藏林芝地區(qū)典型冰水堆積體為研究對(duì)象,在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查和遙感解譯等手段,對(duì)冰水堆積體的沉積特征、顆粒組成、地貌及分布特征、膠結(jié)程度等特性進(jìn)行了野外詳細(xì)的地調(diào)查和分析;進(jìn)而在大量的室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)和相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上探究了冰水堆積體的擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)、滲透特性、力學(xué)特性、溫度及尺寸效應(yīng)等;通過(guò)工程類比、參數(shù)反演等手段,求得一套冰水堆積體的宏觀及微觀參數(shù),在參數(shù)確定的基礎(chǔ)上,利用極限平衡法和數(shù)值模擬的思想,對(duì)冰水堆積體邊坡的穩(wěn)定性做了綜合性評(píng)價(jià)。本文的研究成果在一定程度上補(bǔ)充了工程界和學(xué)術(shù)界在林芝地區(qū)冰水堆積體物理及力學(xué)性質(zhì)研究上存在的不足,為工程的進(jìn)展和學(xué)術(shù)的探討提供了理論參數(shù)的取值及其變化規(guī)律的分析。本文的技術(shù)路線主要分為三個(gè)階段:第一階段是在查閱文獻(xiàn)及收集相關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合野外現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查,主要研究林芝地區(qū)冰水堆積體的基本特征,采用的方法主要有現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)繪、顆分試驗(yàn)、原位滲透試驗(yàn)及一些輔助性的試驗(yàn)方法;第二階段是利用野外采取的試樣進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),主要研究冰水堆積體的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì),本次用到的試驗(yàn)儀器主要有液塑限聯(lián)合測(cè)定儀、多功能電動(dòng)擊實(shí)儀及脫模器、常水頭滲透試驗(yàn)儀、大型三軸剪切試驗(yàn)儀、小型三軸剪切試驗(yàn)儀、中型直剪試驗(yàn)儀等。第三階段是在前兩個(gè)階段成果研究的基礎(chǔ)上,建立冰水堆積體本構(gòu)模型和進(jìn)行冰水堆積體邊坡工程穩(wěn)定性分析。通過(guò)以上研究思路及方法,主要取得了以下研究成果:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)林芝地區(qū)冰水堆積體的野外調(diào)查、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)顆分、滲透、容重等試驗(yàn),結(jié)合不同含石量條件下的室內(nèi)中型剪切試驗(yàn)成果,在傳統(tǒng)分類方法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出以冰水堆積體顆粒組成、膠結(jié)程度、滲透性能和力學(xué)性能為分類指標(biāo)的綜合分類方法,將冰水堆積體分為3級(jí)5個(gè)亞類。(2)冰水堆積體的滲透系數(shù)一般在i×10~(-3) cm/s,屬于中等滲透介質(zhì);野外滲透試驗(yàn)的穩(wěn)定時(shí)間多在2小時(shí)后達(dá)到;結(jié)合顆分試驗(yàn),認(rèn)為當(dāng)細(xì)粒含量大于10%時(shí)對(duì)堆積體滲透性的影響較大。室內(nèi)滲透試驗(yàn)表明隨著水力梯度的增大,試樣滲透速度呈近似線性~非線性增長(zhǎng),出口水流為清水時(shí)近似滿足達(dá)西定律,渾濁水時(shí)明顯不滿足達(dá)西定律,但均能用相應(yīng)的滲透本構(gòu)關(guān)系描述。(3)擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)表明:相同含石量條件下,試樣干密度隨著含水率的增加先增大后降低,有明顯的峰值,即存在最優(yōu)含水率和最大干密度;相同含水率的試樣,試樣干密度隨著含石量的增大而增大;最優(yōu)含水率整體均隨著含石量的降低而增大;含石量40%可以作為冰水堆積體擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)的一個(gè)分界點(diǎn)。(4)室內(nèi)大型三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)表明:冰水堆積體的黏聚力隨著含水率的增加呈現(xiàn)先增加后減小的趨勢(shì),且具有明顯的峰值點(diǎn),并能用相應(yīng)的多項(xiàng)式來(lái)擬合;內(nèi)摩擦角隨著含水率的增加整體呈降低的趨勢(shì),在含水率為5.07%~7.84%時(shí),內(nèi)摩擦角降低的幅度較少,曲線上基本趨于平緩。(5)室內(nèi)小型三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)表明:冰水堆積體的溫度從-10℃~50℃的變化過(guò)程中,隨著溫度的增加黏聚力先增加后降低且趨于穩(wěn)定,并在0℃時(shí)出現(xiàn)最大值。內(nèi)擦角隨著溫度的增加,變化不大,是在很小的一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)波動(dòng)變化。(6)低圍壓條件下,冰水堆積體的本構(gòu)關(guān)系不符合鄧肯-張模型。在鄧肯-張本構(gòu)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,考慮應(yīng)變軟化和體脹的情況,對(duì)切線模量和切線泊松比進(jìn)行修正,并驗(yàn)證了修正模型的正確性。(7)利用各種試驗(yàn)測(cè)得的物理力學(xué)參數(shù),對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)內(nèi)一處冰水堆積體邊坡進(jìn)行了綜合穩(wěn)定性評(píng)價(jià)。利用數(shù)值模擬軟件分析了邊坡破壞后的堆積形態(tài),同時(shí)也驗(yàn)證了顆粒流程序PFC~(3D)對(duì)散粒體介質(zhì)堆積形態(tài)數(shù)值模擬的適用性。本文對(duì)林芝地區(qū)冰水堆積體的物理及力學(xué)性質(zhì)的研究成果,與前人研究的一般成果相符。同時(shí)在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,補(bǔ)充了有關(guān)冰水堆積體在野外識(shí)別及遙感解譯、工程分類、工程特性、溫度及尺寸效應(yīng)等方面研究的不足。本次研究主要針對(duì)林芝地區(qū),對(duì)其他地區(qū)冰水堆積體的研究?jī)H提供相應(yīng)的研究方法及相似物質(zhì)的物理力學(xué)參數(shù)取值的比選;針對(duì)冰水堆積體本構(gòu)模型的研究,本文僅作了應(yīng)變軟化條件下的模型修正分析,與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況可能還存在許多不足之處,為后期對(duì)冰水堆積體研究感興趣的學(xué)者提供了一個(gè)研究方向。
[Abstract]:Linzhi area is located in the southeastern part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is a typical modern marine glacial area in China. It is influenced by the alternately climate of the glacial interglacial period of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the range of glacial activity varies greatly. Sufficient rainfall and ice and snow melt provide favorable hydrodynamic conditions for the development of ice water accumulation. There are Cambrian, Devonian, Carboniferous, three fold Cretaceous and Quaternary, with many types of lithology and many metamorphism, which are influenced by regional tectonics and tectonic movements, which provide rich solid source conditions for the formation of ice water deposits at that time. The typical ice water deposits in Linzhi area are accumulated in the sparsely populated Gao Haiba. Regional, transportation and engineering construction are not convenient for people to study ice water accumulation before.20 century, especially about the lack of systematic and comprehensive research on the mechanical properties of ice water accumulation. It is very prudent to choose building buildings on ice water deposits at home and abroad. This paper takes the typical ice water accumulation in Linzhi area of Tibet as the research object. On the basis of the previous research results, the sedimentary characteristics, particle composition, geomorphic and distribution characteristics and the cementation degree of the ice water accumulation body are carried out on the basis of the previous research results. The detailed field investigation and analysis are carried out in the field, and on the basis of a large number of laboratory tests and related research results, the compaction test, permeability, mechanical properties, temperature and size effect of the ice water accumulation body are explored, and the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of a set of ice water accumulation body are obtained by means of engineering analogy and parameter inversion, and the parameters are obtained. On the basis of the determination, the stability of the slope of ice water accumulation body is evaluated comprehensively by using the limit equilibrium method and the thought of numerical simulation. The research results of this paper supplement the shortage of the physical and mechanical properties of the ice water accumulation in the engineering and academic circles in Linzhi to a certain extent, for the progress of the engineering and the academic. The technical route of this paper is divided into three stages: the first phase is divided into three stages: the first stage is the basic characteristics of the ice water accumulation in the Linzhi area based on the literature and the collection of relevant data, and the field investigation. The test, in situ permeability test and some auxiliary test methods; the second stage is to make the corresponding indoor test with the sample taken in the field, mainly to study the physical and mechanical properties of the ice water accumulation body. The test instruments used this time mainly include the liquid plastic limit joint tester, the multi power dynamoelectric compaction instrument and the demoulding device, and the constant water head permeability test. An instrument, a large three axis shear tester, a small three axis shear tester, and a medium direct shear tester. The third stage is based on the research of the first two stages, and the ice water accumulation constitutive model and the stability analysis of the slope engineering of the ice water accumulation body are analyzed. The following research ideas and methods are used to obtain the following research results: (1) On the basis of the traditional classification method, the comprehensive classification method of the particles composition, cementation degree, permeability and mechanical properties of ice water accumulation body is put forward on the basis of the traditional classification method, based on the field investigation of the ice water accumulation in Linzhi area, the site separation, infiltration and bulk density. The ice water accumulation body is divided into 3 classes and 5 subclasses. (2) the permeability coefficient of the ice water accumulation body is generally I * 10~ (-3) cm/s, which belongs to medium permeability medium; the stability time of the field penetration test is reached after 2 hours. With the increase of hydraulic gradient, the permeability velocity of the sample is approximately linear to nonlinear growth. When the outlet flow is water, the Darcy law is almost satisfied, and the Darcy law is not satisfied when the turbidity water is water. (3) the compaction test shows that the dry density of the sample increases first with the increase of the water content. The maximum water cut and maximum dry density have the obvious peak value, that is, the dry density of the sample with the same water content increases with the increase of the stone content; the optimal water content increases with the decrease of the stone content; the stone content 40% can be used as a demarcation point for the compaction test of the ice water accumulation body. (4) the indoor large three axis The compression test shows that the cohesion of the ice water accumulation increases first and then decreases with the increase of water content, and has a obvious peak point, and can be fitted with the corresponding polynomial. The internal friction angle decreases with the increase of water content. When the water content is 5.07%~7.84%, the amplitude of the internal friction angle is less, and the curve is less. The line basically tends to be slow basically. (5) the indoor small three axis compression test shows that the temperature of the ice water accumulation body is in the process of -10 C ~50 C, with the increase of temperature, the cohesive force increases first and then tends to decrease and tends to be stable, and the maximum value appears at 0. (6) under the condition of low confining pressure, the constitutive relation of the ice water accumulation body does not conform to the Duncan tensioned model. On the basis of the Duncan Zhang Bengou model, the shear modulus and the tangent Poisson's ratio are corrected with consideration of strain softening and expansion, and the correctness of the modified model is verified. (7) the evaluation of the physical and mechanical parameters obtained by various tests is used. The comprehensive stability evaluation of an ice water accumulation body slope is carried out in the area. The numerical simulation software is used to analyze the accumulation form of the slope after the failure of the slope. At the same time, the applicability of the particle flow program PFC~ (3D) to the numerical simulation of the accumulation form of the granular media is verified. The results of the study on the physical and mechanical properties of the ice water accumulation in Linzhi area are studied in this paper. It is consistent with the general results of previous studies, and on the basis of previous research results, the deficiency of ice water accumulation in field identification and remote sensing interpretation, engineering classification, engineering characteristics, temperature and size effects is supplemented. This study is mainly aimed at Linzhi area and only provides a phase for the study of ice water accumulation in other areas. According to the study of the constitutive model of the ice water accumulation body, this paper only makes the model correction analysis under the strain softening condition, and there may be many shortcomings in the present situation, which provides a research direction for the scholars interested in the research of the ice water accumulation body in the later period.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P642

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