本文選題：地震勘探　切入點：炸藥震源　出處：《北京理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：炸藥震源激發(fā)地震波的過程較為復雜，涉及多個物理過程。根據(jù)波場特征不同，波場可以分為近場和遠場。在近場中，炸藥震源激發(fā)的地震波的能量和頻譜特性變化很大。經(jīng)過一段距離的傳播，經(jīng)過大地濾波，逐漸形成特征較為穩(wěn)定的波，這一階段可以看作遠場。炸藥震源激發(fā)條件改變直接影響其產(chǎn)生的地震波近場特征，，從而影響遠場地震波特征，而遠場地震波的品質(zhì)是影響地震勘探質(zhì)量的關鍵。本文圍繞激發(fā)條件對形成的地震波的能量和頻譜特征的影響規(guī)律展開試驗研究和理論分析。研究工作得到了幾方面的認識和進展： 1）通過對空氣、水、沙土和粘土等不同的介質(zhì)耦合條件下炸藥震源爆炸產(chǎn)生的近場地震波特性對比研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，以水為耦合介質(zhì)的炸藥震源產(chǎn)生的地震波品質(zhì)較好，能量和頻率相對提高5%-10%。 2）調(diào)節(jié)不耦合系數(shù)可以改變地震波品質(zhì)，空氣耦合條件下，不耦合系數(shù)約為1.33左右時為較好耦合條件，激發(fā)的地震波品質(zhì)較好。 3）采用高精度電子雷管實現(xiàn)了分布式震源的精確延時控制。延時疊加震源可以實現(xiàn)提高地震波品質(zhì)和降低地表震動效果。延遲疊加震源的主頻比普通震源要高10%-20%左右，地表震動降低低可達40%。 4）調(diào)節(jié)炸藥震源的藥量和長徑比也可以改變地震波特征。長徑比大的細長藥柱和小藥量藥柱激發(fā)的地震波的頻率得到了提高。 本文研究工作深化了震源激發(fā)條件對地震波能量和頻譜特征的影響的理解，探索了地震波品質(zhì)的控制方法，為高精度地震勘探理論和地震激發(fā)設計等研究工作提供了基礎。
[Abstract]:The process of seismic wave excited by explosive source is complicated and involves many physical processes.According to the characteristics of the wave field, the wave field can be divided into the near field and the far field.In the near field, the energy and spectrum characteristics of the seismic wave excited by explosive source vary greatly.Through the propagation of a distance and the earth filtering, the waves with relatively stable characteristics are gradually formed, which can be regarded as the far field.The change of excitation conditions of explosive source directly affects the near-field characteristics of seismic waves produced by explosives, thus affecting the characteristics of far-field seismic waves, and the quality of far-field seismic waves is the key to affect the quality of seismic exploration.In this paper, the experimental study and theoretical analysis are carried out on the influence of excitation conditions on the energy and spectral characteristics of the formed seismic waves.Several aspects of the research have been recognized and advanced:1) by comparing the near field seismic wave characteristics of explosive source explosion under the coupling conditions of air, water, sand and clay, it is found that the seismic wave produced by the explosive source with water as coupling medium is of good quality.The energy and frequency are increased by 5-10.2) adjusting the uncoupling coefficient can change the quality of seismic wave. When the uncoupling coefficient is about 1.33, it is a better coupling condition, and the quality of excited seismic wave is better.3) accurate delay control of distributed seismic source is realized by using high precision electronic detonator.The delayed superposition of the source can improve the quality of seismic wave and reduce the effect of ground motion.The main frequency of the delayed stack source is about 10%-20% higher than that of the normal source, and the ground motion can be reduced by 40%.4) adjusting the explosive source charge and aspect ratio can also change the characteristics of seismic wave.The frequency of seismic waves excited by long and small charge columns with large aspect ratio is increased.The research work in this paper deepens the understanding of the influence of source excitation conditions on the energy and spectral characteristics of seismic waves, and explores the control methods of seismic wave quality, which provides a basis for the study of high-precision seismic exploration theory and seismic excitation design.
【學位授予單位】：北京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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