【摘要】：激光測距由于其測量精度高、測量距離遠等優(yōu)點而被廣泛應用在諸多涉及測量技術(shù)的領(lǐng)域。目前隨著諸如民事、科研、軍用等領(lǐng)域?qū)y距要求越來越高,如何在保證測量距離的前提下獲得更高的測量精度成為一項熱門研究。目前對中長距離測量多采用脈沖法激光測距,其測量速度快、測量范圍廣但精度較低。短距離測量多采用相位法激光測距,其測量精度高但測量效率較低、范圍較小。因此這里將對提升脈沖法激光測距精度和擴展相位激光測距測量范圍兩個角度展開具體研究和相關(guān)實驗。首先針對高精度脈沖法激光測距的信號處理系統(tǒng)進行了具體的原理分析、理論計算、精度分析和實驗研究。并從關(guān)鍵技術(shù)對比、系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建、誤差分析等角度進行了深入分析。總結(jié)了時刻鑒別和時間間隔測量的幾種設計方式,完成了器件選用、電路搭建、精度分析等工作。本文進行了脈沖法測距方式下的信號處理模塊的相關(guān)實驗。通過信號發(fā)生器發(fā)送固定延時間隔的兩組信號,完成了接收和時間間隔測量,并在電腦上位機中顯示出測量結(jié)果。對比所測得實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行了誤差分析�？梢园l(fā)現(xiàn)延遲線內(nèi)插法的時鐘分辨率受到溫度和電壓影響,可以通過校準基準時鐘的方式避免時鐘產(chǎn)生偏差。這里對200ns的時間間隔數(shù)據(jù)進行了時間間隔測量,其時差測量的標準偏差值為180ps。即表示對30m的測量距離,其測量誤差為2.7cm。對30m到1.5km的測量距離,平均的標準距離偏差值為3.1cm,實現(xiàn)了較高的測量精度。在獲得精度較高的脈沖激光測距方式的基礎上,本文還提出一種脈沖與相位相復合的測距方式。在發(fā)送端發(fā)送方波與正弦波調(diào)幅相乘的合成波同時攜帶飛行時間信息和相位信息。在信號處理階段以脈沖法測距結(jié)果作為測距粗尺,相位法測距結(jié)果作為測距精尺,從而使得復合后的測距系統(tǒng)既具有相位法的測距精度高的優(yōu)點又可實現(xiàn)遠距離的測量。針對脈沖相位復合的測距方式,本文對其中的脈沖和相位部分進行了具體的原理論述、理論計算和精度分析。論證了脈沖法測距精度可以達到該測距系統(tǒng)粗尺的要求,并完成了測距系統(tǒng)的設計。
[Abstract]:Laser ranging is widely used in many fields involving measurement technology because of its high precision and long distance. At present, with the increasing demand for distance measurement in civil, scientific research, military and other fields, how to obtain higher measurement accuracy under the premise of ensuring the measurement distance has become a hot research. At present, pulse laser ranging is mostly used in middle-long distance measurement, which has the advantages of fast measuring speed, wide measuring range but low precision. Phase laser ranging is usually used in short distance measurement, which has high measurement precision, low measurement efficiency and small range. In this paper, the laser ranging accuracy and the extended phase laser ranging range are studied in detail and related experiments are carried out. Firstly, the principle, theoretical calculation, precision analysis and experimental research of the signal processing system of high precision pulse laser ranging are carried out. And from the key technology comparison, system construction, error analysis and other aspects of in-depth analysis. Several design methods of time discrimination and time interval measurement are summarized, and device selection, circuit construction, precision analysis and so on are completed. In this paper, the experiment of signal processing module based on pulse distance measurement is carried out. Two sets of signals with fixed delay interval are transmitted by the signal generator to complete the receiving and time interval measurement, and the measurement results are displayed in the computer upper computer. The error analysis is carried out by comparing the measured experimental data. It can be found that the clock resolution of the delay line interpolation method is affected by the temperature and voltage, and the clock deviation can be avoided by calibrating the reference clock. The time interval data of 200ns are measured here, and the standard deviation of the time difference measurement is 180 PS. That is to say, the measuring distance of 30m is expressed, and the measuring error is 2.7cm. For the measuring distance from 30 m to 1.5km, the average standard distance deviation is 3.1 cm, and the measurement accuracy is high. On the basis of obtaining the pulse laser ranging method with high precision, this paper also proposes a pulse and phase compound ranging method. The composite wave of transmitting square wave and sine wave multiplying amplitude modulation at the transmitter carries both time-of-flight information and phase information at the same time. In the signal processing stage, the pulse distance measurement result is used as the ranging scale, and the phase method distance measurement result is used as the ranging precision scale, so that the compound ranging system not only has the advantage of high precision of the phase method, but also can realize the long distance measurement. In this paper, the principle, theoretical calculation and accuracy analysis of pulse and phase are discussed. It is demonstrated that the precision of the pulse ranging system can meet the requirement of the measuring system, and the design of the ranging system is completed.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN249

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