【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著成像光譜遙感技術(shù)的發(fā)展,光譜成像技術(shù)發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。光譜遙感技術(shù)的發(fā)展取決于各種技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。CCD(電荷耦合器件)由于高靈敏度、低噪聲和大動(dòng)態(tài)范圍等諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)已經(jīng)成為光譜成像領(lǐng)域的核心器件。CCD探測(cè)器在亮度變化較大的環(huán)境中使用時(shí),拍攝畫(huà)面的質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重下降。通過(guò)分析研究,在影響圖像亮度的四個(gè)因素:光圈大小、入射光強(qiáng)度、曝光時(shí)間和信號(hào)增益中,調(diào)節(jié)曝光時(shí)間是最佳選擇。但是對(duì)于不帶電子快門(mén)功能的幀轉(zhuǎn)移型面陣CCD成像器件,在幀頻確定的情況下,曝光時(shí)間無(wú)法控制是目前使用這類(lèi)CCD探測(cè)器所遇到的技術(shù)瓶頸。針對(duì)不帶電子快門(mén)的CCD探測(cè)器,本文提出了兩種曝光時(shí)間的控制方法:電平置位法和電荷釋放法。電平置位法是通過(guò)將感光區(qū)一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)的信號(hào)全都置為相同的零電平來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。電荷釋放法是通過(guò)增加電荷釋放狀態(tài),將一幀之內(nèi)多余時(shí)間段的電荷迅速排放掉來(lái)有效的控制曝光時(shí)間。兩種曝光時(shí)間控制方法分別基于兩款不同的CCD探測(cè)器TH7888A和CCD**來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。首先,分別介紹了兩種曝光時(shí)間控制方法的具體實(shí)現(xiàn),包括CCD硬件驅(qū)動(dòng)電路與驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)序邏輯設(shè)計(jì)。硬件方面,給出了合理的原理圖設(shè)計(jì)方案。時(shí)序邏輯設(shè)計(jì)方面,通過(guò)VHDL語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)了CCD正常工作需要的各種驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)序信號(hào),并給出了仿真結(jié)果。其次,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,通過(guò)搭建具體試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),基于本文提出的方法,進(jìn)行了不同曝光時(shí)間下的試驗(yàn)波形與圖像的采集,通過(guò)對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的進(jìn)一步分析,驗(yàn)證了所提出方法的可行性與正確性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of imaging spectral remote sensing technology, spectral imaging technology plays a more and more important role. The development of spectral remote sensing technology depends on the progress of various technologies. CCD (charge coupled device) because of its high sensitivity, Many advantages, such as low noise and large dynamic range, have become the core devices in the field of spectral imaging. Four factors affecting the brightness of the image, such as aperture size, intensity of incident light, exposure time and signal gain, are the best choice. However, for the frame transfer CCD imaging device without the electronic shutter function, when the frame frequency is determined, the exposure time can not be controlled is the technical bottleneck of using this kind of CCD detector at present. For the CCD detector without electron shutter, two kinds of exposure time control methods are proposed in this paper: level setting method and charge releasing method. The level setting method is implemented by setting all the signals in the photosensitive zone to the same zero level for a period of time. Charge release method can effectively control the exposure time by increasing the state of charge release and rapidly discharging the charge from the extra time period within a frame. Two exposure time control methods are implemented based on two different CCD detectors, TH7888A and CCD**, respectively. Firstly, the realization of two exposure time control methods is introduced, including CCD hardware driver circuit and driver timing logic design. In terms of hardware, a reasonable schematic design scheme is given. In the aspect of timing logic design, all kinds of driving timing signals of CCD are realized by VHDL language, and the simulation results are given. Secondly, under the condition of laboratory, by building a concrete test platform and based on the method proposed in this paper, the test waveform and image are collected under different exposure time, and the further analysis of the test results is made. The feasibility and correctness of the proposed method are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(西安光學(xué)精密機(jī)械研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN386.5

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