【摘要】：具有自動有載調(diào)壓功能的配電變壓器能夠有效解決在電力系統(tǒng)無功功率充足的條件下電網(wǎng)末端電壓波動的問題,因此無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器已成為配電網(wǎng)自動化研究領(lǐng)域的一個重要方向。國內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者們多年來進(jìn)行了大量理論研究與實(shí)踐探索,本課題所在項(xiàng)目前期也已取得突破性進(jìn)展,研制出以50kVA配電變壓器為平臺,基于反并聯(lián)晶閘管模塊為分接開關(guān)、單片機(jī)為控制單元的核心的無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓裝置樣機(jī)。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,該樣機(jī)具備基本調(diào)壓功能,但在掛網(wǎng)運(yùn)行試驗(yàn)中為感性負(fù)載比重較高的負(fù)荷供電時出現(xiàn)了過流保護(hù)動作并伴隨分接開關(guān)被擊穿的故障,不能完全可靠工作。因此運(yùn)行可靠性問題是當(dāng)前阻礙無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器推廣應(yīng)用的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵。 本課題所進(jìn)行的無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器可靠性技術(shù)的研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)就是以提高運(yùn)行可靠性為目標(biāo),完成相應(yīng)理論分析與方案的改進(jìn)。首先從當(dāng)前無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器的構(gòu)成、工作原理和以往實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果著手進(jìn)行分析,初步確定了六項(xiàng)因素有可能對無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器可靠工作造成影響,其中勵磁涌流、過渡支路工作可靠性、反并聯(lián)晶閘管換向過電壓、驅(qū)動單元輸入輸出絕緣能力和單片機(jī)程序可靠性將威脅無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓裝置的可靠工作,引發(fā)故障。本文分部分針對已確定對運(yùn)行可靠性產(chǎn)生威脅的因素提出相應(yīng)改進(jìn)方案：綜合考慮勵磁涌流、過渡支路和反并聯(lián)晶閘管換向過電壓三個因素,改進(jìn)了主電路結(jié)構(gòu),將啟動機(jī)構(gòu)與過渡支路合并,合理設(shè)置阻容吸收電路參數(shù)并將其模塊化以提高對反并聯(lián)晶閘管換向過電壓的吸收能力;利用光纖通信技術(shù)在高壓電氣隔離方面的優(yōu)勢,本文設(shè)計(jì)了反并聯(lián)晶閘管光纖觸發(fā)電路,實(shí)現(xiàn)位于配電變壓器高壓側(cè)的反并聯(lián)晶閘管與位于低壓側(cè)的控制單元之間可靠電氣隔離；本文以看門狗芯片為核心,設(shè)計(jì)出各關(guān)鍵控制信號閉鎖電路以防止單片機(jī)程序紊亂死機(jī)造成分接開關(guān)的誤動。在測試實(shí)驗(yàn)中,控制單元故障閉鎖裝置能夠在單片機(jī)模擬復(fù)位時保持調(diào)壓裝置的工作狀態(tài),并且使單片機(jī)重新進(jìn)入程序后從復(fù)位前的工作狀態(tài)開始繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。 實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬試驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場帶負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,改進(jìn)后的無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)基本調(diào)壓功能,并且在空載合閘、感性負(fù)荷接入以及突然切除全部負(fù)荷這三種特殊情況下依然能夠可靠工作。運(yùn)行可靠性問題的解決使無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器不再僅限于理論分析與樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)的研究程度,有助于無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器的推廣應(yīng)用�？煽啃约夹g(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)最終能從無觸點(diǎn)有載調(diào)壓的角度促進(jìn)配電網(wǎng)自動化水平的提高,讓電網(wǎng)末端電力用戶得到穩(wěn)定可靠的電能。
[Abstract]:The distribution transformer with automatic on-load voltage regulation function can effectively solve the problem of voltage fluctuation at the end of power network under the condition of sufficient reactive power in power system, so contactless on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer has become an important research direction in the field of distribution network automation. Experts and scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of theoretical research and practical exploration for many years, and a breakthrough has been made in the early stage of the project. A prototype of contactless on-load voltage regulating device based on 50kVA distribution transformer as platform, reverse parallel thyristor module as tap changer and single chip microcomputer as the core of control unit has been developed. The laboratory simulation test shows that the prototype has the basic voltage regulating function, but the overcurrent protection action and the breakdown of the tap changer can not work completely when supplying power to the load with high proportion of inductive load in the hanging network operation test. Therefore, the problem of operation reliability is the key to hinder the popularization and application of contactless on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer. In this paper, the research and implementation of the reliability technology of contactless on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer is to improve the operation reliability and complete the corresponding theoretical analysis and scheme improvement. First of all, based on the analysis of the composition, working principle and previous experimental results of the contactless on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer, it is preliminarily determined that six factors may have an impact on the reliable operation of the contactless on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer, including inrush current, the reliability of the transition branch, and the reverse parallel thyristor switching overvoltage. The input and output insulation ability of the driving unit and the reliability of the single chip microcomputer program will threaten the reliable operation of the contactless on-load voltage regulator and cause faults. In this paper, the corresponding improvement scheme is put forward according to the factors that threaten the operation reliability: considering the three factors of inrush current, transition branch and reverse parallel thyristor commutation overvoltage, the main circuit structure is improved, the starting mechanism and transition branch are combined, and the parameters of resistance-capacitance absorption circuit are reasonably set and modularized to improve the absorption capacity of reverse parallel thyristor switching overvoltage; Based on the advantages of optical fiber communication technology in high voltage electrical isolation, this paper designs an inverse parallel thyristor fiber trigger circuit to realize reliable electrical isolation between the reverse parallel thyristor located on the high voltage side of the distribution transformer and the control unit on the low voltage side. In this paper, based on the watchdog chip, the locking circuit of each key control signal is designed to prevent the misoperation of the tap changer caused by the disorder of the single chip microcomputer program. In the test experiment, the fault locking device of the control unit can maintain the working state of the voltage regulating device when the single chip microcomputer simulates reset, and make the single chip microcomputer continue to run from the working state before reset after re-entering the program. The results of laboratory simulation test and field load test show that the improved contactless on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer can realize the basic voltage regulation function, and can still work reliably under the three special conditions of no-load closing, inductive load access and sudden removal of all loads. The solution of operation reliability makes the contactless on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer no longer limited to the research degree of theoretical analysis and prototype test, which is helpful to the popularization and application of contactless on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer. The realization of reliability technology can finally promote the improvement of distribution network automation level from the point of view of contactless on-load voltage regulation, so that the power users at the end of the power grid can get stable and reliable electric energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM421

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