【摘要】：隨著用電需求的不斷增大，，處于電力系統(tǒng)末端起保護(hù)作用的低壓斷路器的用量逐年增加。低壓斷路器除了具有接通、分?jǐn)嚯娐返墓δ芡猓�具有短路保護(hù)、漏電保護(hù)、過(guò)載保護(hù)等功能，其中，短路保護(hù)又稱為瞬動(dòng)保護(hù)。在斷路器產(chǎn)品出廠前，需要對(duì)斷路器產(chǎn)品的瞬動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行調(diào)整與檢測(cè)。由于檢測(cè)技術(shù)和檢測(cè)水平的限制，存在斷路器瞬動(dòng)校驗(yàn)精度不高問(wèn)題，在實(shí)際使用中存在“誤動(dòng)”和“拒動(dòng)”現(xiàn)象，這會(huì)對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)造成很大危害，同時(shí)威脅人們的用電安全。因此，對(duì)提高斷路器瞬動(dòng)校驗(yàn)精度的研究具有十分重要的意義。 本文首先深入分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外斷路器瞬動(dòng)檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)方法，對(duì)比其中的差異，深入分析存在差異的原因，闡述了各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足。針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)普遍使用的斷路器瞬動(dòng)校驗(yàn)設(shè)備，總結(jié)歸納了影響瞬動(dòng)校驗(yàn)精度的因素；提出了校驗(yàn)電流評(píng)價(jià)與誤差分析方法；校驗(yàn)電流逐步逼近控制方法；基于希爾伯特變換的功率因數(shù)角計(jì)算選相合閘方法；以及試驗(yàn)設(shè)備優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方案。 電流發(fā)生系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)雙輸入單輸出系統(tǒng)，電流誤差表現(xiàn)為幅值誤差和電流的暫態(tài)過(guò)程，它產(chǎn)生于電壓控制和選相控制。為消除校驗(yàn)電流的誤差，本文提出了校驗(yàn)電流誤差分解方法。通過(guò)理論和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，證明了該方法的準(zhǔn)確性和實(shí)用性，為設(shè)計(jì)控制試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 為了保證斷路器短路保護(hù)特性整定校驗(yàn)的精度，必須對(duì)產(chǎn)生的校驗(yàn)電流的精度做出評(píng)價(jià)。當(dāng)試驗(yàn)電流精度滿足校驗(yàn)要求時(shí)，才能將試驗(yàn)結(jié)果作為斷路器瞬動(dòng)整定校驗(yàn)依據(jù)。針對(duì)電流幅值誤差和電流的暫態(tài)過(guò)程，本文提出一種校驗(yàn)電流綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法。 提出了一種校驗(yàn)電流廣義閉環(huán)控制的思想，將每次校驗(yàn)電流存在誤差作為下一次試驗(yàn)控制和調(diào)節(jié)的依據(jù)，逐步逼近校驗(yàn)電流期望值。通過(guò)對(duì)PID和模糊PID兩種控制方法的控制效果對(duì)比，闡述了模糊控制方法的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 針對(duì)快速傅里葉變換計(jì)算電壓、電流初相位算法，深入分析了在電信號(hào)頻率變化時(shí)算法存在誤差原因，并提出希爾伯特變換方法計(jì)算電信號(hào)初相位的方法，通過(guò)仿真和實(shí)際驗(yàn)證，該方法在電信號(hào)頻率變化時(shí)，具有很好的魯棒性和計(jì)算精確度。提高了基于功率因數(shù)角計(jì)算的選相合閘精度。 最后，對(duì)試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)硬件進(jìn)行改進(jìn)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，降低了試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)中非線性因素對(duì)試驗(yàn)電流精度的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)測(cè)試表明，該系統(tǒng)具有試驗(yàn)精度高，調(diào)節(jié)速度快的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand of electricity, the amount of low voltage circuit breaker which plays a protective role at the end of power system increases year by year. Low voltage circuit breaker not only has the function of switching on and breaking circuit, but also has the functions of short circuit protection, leakage protection, overload protection and so on. Among them, short circuit protection is also called transient protection. Before the circuit breaker product leaves the factory, it is necessary to adjust and test the transient characteristics of the circuit breaker product. Due to the limitation of detection technology and detection level, there is a problem that the transient calibration accuracy of circuit breakers is not high, and there are the phenomena of "misoperation" and "rejection" in practical use, which will cause great harm to the power system and threaten the safety of power consumption at the same time. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the instantaneous calibration accuracy of circuit breakers. In this paper, the transient detection standards and test methods of circuit breakers at home and abroad are deeply analyzed, the differences are compared, the reasons for the differences are deeply analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages are expounded. In view of the transient calibration equipment of circuit breakers commonly used in China, the factors affecting the accuracy of transient calibration are summarized and summarized; the methods of checking current evaluation and error analysis are put forward; the step by step control method of calibration current; the phase selection and closing method of power factor angle calculation based on Albert transform; and the optimal design scheme of test equipment are put forward. Current generating system is a double input and single output system. The current error is a transient process of amplitude error and current, which is caused by voltage control and phase selection control. In order to eliminate the error of calibration current, a method of error decomposition of calibration current is proposed in this paper. Through theoretical and experimental verification, the accuracy and practicability of the method are proved, which lays a foundation for the design of control test system. In order to ensure the accuracy of setting calibration of short circuit protection characteristics of circuit breakers, the accuracy of calibration current must be evaluated. When the test current accuracy meets the calibration requirements, the test results can be used as the basis for transient setting calibration of circuit breakers. Aiming at the amplitude error of current and the transient process of current, a comprehensive evaluation method of calibration current is proposed in this paper. In this paper, an idea of generalized closed loop control of calibration current is proposed. The error of each check current is taken as the basis of control and adjustment in the next test, and the expected value of check current is approximated step by step. By comparing the control effects of PID and fuzzy PID control methods, the advantages of fuzzy control methods are expounded. Aiming at the algorithm of calculating voltage and current initial phase by fast Fourier transform, the causes of error in the algorithm when the frequency of electric signal changes are deeply analyzed, and the method of calculating the initial phase of electric signal by Albert transform is put forward. Through simulation and practical verification, this method has good robustness and accuracy when the frequency of electrical signal changes. The accuracy of phase selection and closing based on power factor angle calculation is improved. Finally, the hardware of the test system is improved and optimized to reduce the influence of nonlinear factors on the accuracy of the test current. The test results show that the system has the advantages of high test accuracy and fast adjustment speed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM561

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