【摘要】：隨看人類對能源的需求不斷增大,環(huán)境和能源問題日益凸顯,開發(fā)高效能、環(huán)境友好、廉價(jià)的儲(chǔ)能器件具有十分重要的意義,如超級電容器。超級電容器的核心是電極材料,一般要求電極材料具有比表面積大、導(dǎo)電性和穩(wěn)定性良好、孔道結(jié)構(gòu)合適、浸潤性良好等特征。碳材料因?yàn)榫哂欣硐氤夒娙萜麟姌O材料所要求的多種特性而被廣泛應(yīng)用,碳材料的表面化學(xué)性質(zhì)對雙電層電容器(EDLC)性能有較大影響。在我們課題組制備出的具有多尺度分級孔結(jié)構(gòu)、高比表面積、良好導(dǎo)電性、優(yōu)異超級電容器性能的新型碳納米籠的工作基礎(chǔ)上,本論文研究表面化學(xué)改性對碳納米籠超級電容器性能的影響,主要研究進(jìn)展包括：1.表面官能團(tuán)化提高EDLC性能：CNCs為前驅(qū)體,采用硝酸氧化法在CNCs表面引入含氧官能團(tuán),硝酸氧化的CNCs表現(xiàn)出顯著優(yōu)于純CNCs的超級電容器性能：在1 Ag-1的電流密度下,CNC-6M樣品比電容達(dá)到255 Fg-1,比純CNCs的188 F g-1增加了34%：在相同電流密度下,氧化后樣品的比電容均顯著高于純CNCs。在100 A g-1的大電流密度下,硝酸氧化后CNCs均具有良好的耐大電流充放電性能,其比電容保持在111-167 F g-1。在10 Ag-1的電流密度下循環(huán)10000圈后,CNC-6M樣品的比電容由196 Fg-1下降到176F g-1,僅降低約10%。CNCs優(yōu)異的超級電容器性能可歸因于CNCs勺分級孔結(jié)構(gòu)、高比表面積、良好的導(dǎo)電性、表面親水性含氧官能團(tuán)化帶來的浸潤性提高和引入的贗電容。2.磷原子摻雜：采用CVD法制備了不同磷含量的磷摻雜碳納米籠(PCNCs)，在磷含量較低(1.0(at.%))時(shí),其比電容值與純碳納米籠相比明顯增大,磷含量為0.6(at.%)的800P1CNC在1 A g-1電流密度下的電容值高達(dá)192 F g-1,與800CNC的126 F g-1相比增大了52%,磷含量為0.4(at.%)的900PCNC的電容值由900CNC的36 F g-1提升到了56 F g-1。隨著磷含量的增加,它們的比電容值逐漸減小,均低于純碳納米籠,同時(shí)磷的引入也增加了電荷和離子的傳輸、擴(kuò)散電阻,即高磷含量的摻雜會(huì)降低碳納米籠的超級電容性能。這對于深入研究磷摻雜等雜原子摻雜碳基材料的超級電容器性能提供有益參考。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for energy, the environment and energy problems are becoming more and more prominent. It is of great significance to develop high efficiency, environment-friendly and cheap energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors. The core of supercapacitor is electrode material, which generally requires the electrode material to have the characteristics of large specific surface area, good conductivity and stability, suitable pore structure, good wettability and so on. Carbon material is widely used because of its many characteristics required by ideal supercapacitor electrode material. The surface chemical properties of carbon material have great influence on the performance of double layer capacitor (EDLC). On the basis of the work of a new type of carbon nanocage with multi-scale graded pore structure, high specific surface area, good conductivity and excellent supercapacitor performance prepared by our research group, In this paper, the effect of surface chemical modification on the properties of carbon nanocage supercapacitors is studied. the main research progress is as follows: 1. Surface functionalization improves the performance of EDLC: CNCs is the precursor and oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced on the surface of CNCs by nitric acid oxidation. The performance of CNCs oxidized by nitric acid is significantly better than that of pure CNCs supercapacitor: at the current density of 1 Ag-1, The specific capacitance of CNC-6M sample reaches 255Fg-1, which is 34% higher than that of pure CNCs 188Fg-1. At the same current density, the specific capacitance of oxidized sample is significantly higher than that of pure CNCs.. At the high current density of 100 mg 鈮，

本文編號：2492511