發(fā)布時間：2019-05-20 14:37

【摘要】：城市生活垃圾逐漸成為城市發(fā)展歷程中一個不容忽視的制約點，如何經(jīng)濟、環(huán)保的處理城市生活垃圾已成為眾多學(xué)者和環(huán)保人士研究的熱點；生命周期評價（LCA）作為一種環(huán)境管理評價工具，可運用于城市生活垃圾處理評價中。 本論文針對常州市生活垃圾的特點，選取高參數(shù)垃圾焚燒發(fā)電工藝、中參數(shù)垃圾焚燒發(fā)電工藝和衛(wèi)生填埋三種垃圾處理方案進行比較；首先比對高參數(shù)與中參數(shù)垃圾焚燒發(fā)電工藝在焚燒鍋爐、余熱鍋爐和鍋爐防腐技術(shù)上的不同，其次構(gòu)建高參數(shù)垃圾焚燒發(fā)電工藝、中參數(shù)垃圾焚燒發(fā)電工藝和衛(wèi)生填埋的生命周期模型，最后分析三種垃圾處理方案和高參數(shù)各生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的全球變暖、富營養(yǎng)、酸化化、光化學(xué)臭氧合成和生態(tài)毒性的環(huán)境影響潛值，結(jié)果如下： （1）通過比對高參數(shù)與中參數(shù)焚燒工藝的焚燒鍋爐及余熱鍋爐，，高參數(shù)垃圾焚燒熱灼減率要小于中參數(shù)熱灼減率，且兩種參數(shù)管道材質(zhì)與管壁厚度具有一定的差異。受熱面上高參數(shù)水冷壁輻射吸熱量的占比相比較中參數(shù)提升了21.9%，省煤器的吸熱占比相比較下降了17.3%；余熱鍋爐的管束節(jié)距上高參數(shù)在通流部分、蒸發(fā)器部分的管束比中參數(shù)平均增加20mm，過熱器部分橫向節(jié)距高參數(shù)比中參數(shù)增加35mm。 （2）構(gòu)建生命周期模型中，高參數(shù)垃圾焚燒工藝采用滲濾液回噴爐膛的方式焚燒處理，但回噴爐膛焚燒處理會對發(fā)電產(chǎn)量有一定的影響；通過計算得知，高參數(shù)與中參數(shù)焚燒1t生活垃圾的發(fā)電量分別為304.83kwh和278.82kwh。 （3）通過特征化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化及加權(quán)處理得出三種處理方案及高參數(shù)不同階段對全球變暖、酸化、富營養(yǎng)化、光化學(xué)臭氧合成和生態(tài)毒性五種環(huán)境影響類型評價的總環(huán)境影響潛值；通過比對可知，衛(wèi)生填埋對全球變暖和光化學(xué)臭氧合成較其它兩種垃圾處理方案的環(huán)境影響潛值要偏大，而中參數(shù)垃圾焚燒工藝對酸化、富營養(yǎng)化和生態(tài)毒性較其它兩種垃圾處理方案的環(huán)境影響潛值要偏大；高參數(shù)垃圾焚燒工藝中環(huán)境影響的主要產(chǎn)生階段是焚燒環(huán)節(jié)。 （4）高參數(shù)采用“SNCR＋半干法＋干法＋活性炭吸附＋布袋除塵”組合煙氣凈化系統(tǒng)和滲濾液回噴爐膛處理可減少高參數(shù)垃圾焚燒工藝對酸化和富營養(yǎng)化的環(huán)境影響貢獻值。對常州市而言，高參數(shù)垃圾焚燒工藝相比較中參數(shù)垃圾焚燒工藝和衛(wèi)生填埋產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境負(fù)荷量最小。
[Abstract]:Municipal solid waste (MSW) has gradually become a constraint point that can not be ignored in the course of urban development. How to deal with MSW economically and environmentally has become the focus of research by many scholars and environmentalists. Life cycle assessment (LCA), as an environmental management evaluation tool, can be used in the evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment. According to the characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Changzhou City, three kinds of waste disposal schemes, high parameter MSW incineration power generation technology, medium parameter MSW incineration power generation technology and sanitary landfill treatment scheme, are compared in this paper. Firstly, the differences between high parameter and medium parameter waste incineration power generation technology in incineration boiler, waste heat boiler and boiler anticorrosion technology are compared. Secondly, the high parameter waste incineration power generation process is constructed. The life cycle model of medium parameter waste incineration power generation process and sanitary landfill is analyzed. Finally, three kinds of waste treatment schemes and the global warming, eutrophication and acidization of each production link with high parameters are analyzed. The environmental impact potential of photochemical ozone synthesis and ecotoxicity is as follows: (1) by comparing incinerator and waste heat boiler with high parameter and medium parameter incineration process, The thermal burning rate of high parameter MSW incineration is smaller than that of medium parameter MSW incineration, and there is a certain difference between the material of the two kinds of parameter pipeline and the thickness of pipe wall. The heat absorption ratio of high parameter water wall radiation on the heating surface is increased by 21.9%, and the endothermic ratio of economizer is decreased by 17.3%. The high parameters on the tube beam pitch of the waste heat boiler are in the flow passage part, the tube beam ratio of the evaporator part is increased by 20 mm on average, and the transverse pitch high parameter of the superheater part is 35 mm higher than that of the middle parameter. (2) in the life cycle model, the high parameter waste incineration process adopts leachate reinjection furnace incineration treatment, but the reinjection furnace incineration treatment will have a certain impact on the power generation output; The results show that the power generation of 1t municipal solid waste incineration with high and medium parameters is 304.83kwh and 278.82kwhl, respectively. (3) through characterization, standardization and weighting, three treatment schemes and different stages of high parameters for global warming, acidizing and eutrophication are obtained. The total environmental impact potential of photochemical ozone synthesis and ecotoxicity assessment of five environmental impact types; Through the comparison, it can be seen that the environmental potential of sanitary landfill on global warming and photochemical ozone synthesis is greater than that of the other two waste treatment schemes, while the medium parameter waste incineration process has a greater potential for acidizing. The potential environmental impact of eutrophication and ecotoxicity was higher than that of the other two garbage treatment schemes. The main stage of environmental impact in high parameter MSW incineration process is incineration. (4) the contribution of high parameter waste incineration process to acidizing and eutrophication can be reduced by using "SNCR+ semi-dry process + activated carbon adsorption + bag dust removal" combined flue gas purification system and leachate reinjection furnace treatment. For Changzhou City, the environmental load produced by parameter MSW incineration process and sanitary landfill is the smallest compared with the high parameter MSW incineration process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM619;X705

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 段世江;我國城市生活垃圾問題及管理對策探析[J];河北大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2001年01期

2 張衍國,呂俊復(fù);國內(nèi)外城市垃圾能源化焚燒技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及前景[J];環(huán)境保護;1998年07期

3 趙慶華;廣州市城市垃圾終處理的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展策略[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;1998年03期

4 陶華,陶加林;生命周期評價在中國城市垃圾減量化的應(yīng)用[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;1998年03期

5 韓光福;常州市垃圾處理與處置技術(shù)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略[J];環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工程;1998年01期

6 李定龍,陸華興,史東曉,陳小平,俞妹;常州市區(qū)生活垃圾的現(xiàn)狀、趨勢及對策[J];環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工程;2002年04期

7 龔大國;孫冬;謝明;母曉東;丁煒鵬;;城市生活垃圾焚燒和綜合處理模式的LCA比較[J];環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工程;2008年04期

8 徐成,楊建新,王如松;廣漢市生活垃圾生命周期評價[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;1999年06期

9 楊建新,王如松,劉晶茹;中國產(chǎn)品生命周期影響評價方法研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2001年02期

10 方源圓;周守航;閻麗娟;;中國城市垃圾焚燒發(fā)電技術(shù)與應(yīng)用[J];節(jié)能技術(shù);2010年01期

本文編號：2481715