【摘要】：家用空調(diào)行業(yè)氟利昂消費(fèi)量巨大,制冷劑替代工作任務(wù)艱巨。碳?xì)渲评鋭┮蚱淞己玫沫h(huán)保和熱力學(xué)性能,被中國(guó)政府作為下一代環(huán)保制冷劑推廣應(yīng)用。然而,碳?xì)渲评鋭┑囊兹继匦允蛊浯嬖诎踩[患,減少碳?xì)渲评鋭┑某渥⒘渴翘岣呤褂冒踩缘淖钣行Х椒āＮ⑼ǖ罁Q熱器不僅可減少制冷劑充注量,而且可以提高了換熱性能,因此在家用空調(diào)行業(yè)備受關(guān)注。但在實(shí)用過程中,微通道換熱器也出現(xiàn)了冷凝水排除不暢,造成空調(diào)化霜困難,因容易結(jié)灰而使系統(tǒng)性能下降等問題。因此,本文針對(duì)微通道換熱器應(yīng)用于家用空調(diào)的關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行了研究:一、對(duì)1.5HP家用分體空調(diào)各部件的減少充注量的潛力進(jìn)行了分析,針對(duì)潛力最大的冷凝器進(jìn)行了微通道換熱器直接替代管片式換熱器的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。直接替代后,系統(tǒng)制冷劑充注量減少了41.5%,系統(tǒng)能效比提升1.8%。為了進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化微通道換熱器減少制冷劑充注量的效果,建立了微通道換熱器和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)模型,研究了微通道換熱器集流管直徑,扁管孔徑等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對(duì)于系統(tǒng)制冷劑充注量和性能的影響。研究表明,將集流管直徑減小48%,冷凝器內(nèi)的制冷劑充注量可降低36.2%;扁管內(nèi)孔水力直徑減小50%(增加孔數(shù),保證相同換熱面積),冷凝器內(nèi)的制冷劑充注量可降低23%,且兩種減少充注量的方法不會(huì)造成系統(tǒng)性能的明顯降低。結(jié)合理論分析成果,設(shè)計(jì)了新型的換熱器,通過扁管與集流管扭轉(zhuǎn)連接的特殊方式,有效減小了內(nèi)容積達(dá)50%,使1.5HP空調(diào)系統(tǒng)制冷劑充注量進(jìn)一步降低了28.3%。使R290充注量減小到了190g。二、通過圖像分割方法,研究了霜層在微通道換熱器百葉窗翅片上的生長(zhǎng)機(jī)理,結(jié)合霜層密度分布研究,總結(jié)了結(jié)霜過程的三個(gè)階段及其霜層生長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn)。研究了換熱器表面冷凝水殘留對(duì)于結(jié)霜過程的影響,定量地給出了殘水量對(duì)于結(jié)霜時(shí)間、最大換熱能力和風(fēng)阻的關(guān)系。通過對(duì)于不同放置位置的微通道換熱器排水結(jié)霜性能的研究,利用扁管豎置有效提高了百葉窗翅片換熱器的排水能力,保證了循環(huán)結(jié)霜過程的穩(wěn)定性,有效運(yùn)行時(shí)間提高32%。針對(duì)百葉窗的排水和結(jié)霜性能的缺點(diǎn),發(fā)明了一種新型翅片,在濕工況和結(jié)霜工況下進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,新型樣件的排水性能比百葉窗和波紋翅片樣件有明顯改進(jìn),濕工況下?lián)Q熱性能提高了56.7%,結(jié)霜工況下有效運(yùn)行時(shí)間增加了78%。三、對(duì)微通道換熱器的積灰長(zhǎng)效特性進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。通過比較管片式與百葉窗微通道換熱器的積灰過程,研究了微通道換熱器表面積灰成核和堆積過程的特點(diǎn),總結(jié)了減少快速成核區(qū)域和減緩成核速度的防積灰原則。并基于此原則,提出了波紋翅片加風(fēng)機(jī)反吹的長(zhǎng)效解決方案,使三個(gè)月后的系統(tǒng)性能衰減從49.5%降低到4.3%,有效抑制了積灰的形成和空調(diào)性能的衰減。建立風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),對(duì)7種不同翅片結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的波紋翅片微通道換熱器的空氣側(cè)傳熱和壓降特性進(jìn)行了研究。利用非線性回歸和F顯著性檢驗(yàn)方法對(duì)波紋翅片進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)關(guān)聯(lián)式擬合。所獲得的波紋翅片換熱和壓降關(guān)聯(lián)式可對(duì)90%以上的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè),其預(yù)測(cè)誤差在15%以內(nèi)。所開發(fā)的波紋翅片關(guān)聯(lián)式已應(yīng)用于數(shù)十款家用空調(diào)和工程車用空調(diào)冷凝器的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)中。
[Abstract]:The consumption of freon in the domestic air-conditioning industry is huge, and the alternative work of the refrigerant is arduous. The hydrocarbon refrigerant is widely used by the Chinese government as the next generation of environment-friendly refrigerant because of its good environmental protection and thermodynamic performance. However, the flammable nature of the hydrocarbon refrigerant makes it a potential safety hazard, and the charge injection quantity of the hydrocarbon refrigerant is the most effective method to improve the safety. The micro-channel heat exchanger not only can reduce the filling amount of the refrigerant, but also can improve the heat exchange performance, so that the micro-channel heat exchanger is of great concern in the domestic air-conditioning industry. However, in the practical process, the micro-channel heat exchanger also has the problems that the condensed water is not smooth, the defrosting of the air-conditioning defrosting is difficult, and the performance of the system is reduced due to the easy-to-fly ash. In this paper, the key problem of the application of micro-channel heat exchanger to the domestic air-conditioning is studied in this paper. The experimental study on the direct replacement of the tube-type heat exchanger with the micro-channel heat exchanger is carried out for the condenser with the largest potential. After a direct substitution, the system refrigerant charge was reduced by 41.5%, and the energy efficiency ratio of the system was increased by 1.8%. In order to further optimize the effect of the micro-channel heat exchanger to reduce the refrigerant charge, a micro-channel heat exchanger and an air-conditioning system model are established, and the influence of the key parameters such as the diameter of the manifold and the aperture of the flat tube on the filling volume and the performance of the system is studied. the research shows that the diameter of the current collecting pipe is reduced by 48%, the filling amount of the refrigerant in the condenser can be reduced by 36.2%, the hydraulic diameter of the hole in the flat pipe is reduced by 50% (the number of holes is increased, the same heat exchange area is ensured), and the filling amount of the refrigerant in the condenser can be reduced by 23%, And the two methods for reducing the filling amount do not cause a significant reduction in the performance of the system. Combined with the results of the theoretical analysis, a new type of heat exchanger is designed, which can effectively reduce the content of 50% by the special mode of the flat tube and the torsion connection of the collecting pipe, and the refrigerant charge of the 1.5HP air-conditioning system is further reduced by 28.3%. The amount of charge of the r290 is reduced to 190 g. Secondly, by means of image segmentation, the growth mechanism of the frost layer on the fin of the micro-channel heat exchanger and the density distribution of the frost layer are studied, and the characteristics of the three stages of the frost formation process and the growth of the frost layer are summarized. The effect of the residual water on the frosting process of the surface of the heat exchanger was studied, and the relation of the residual water quantity to the frosting time, the maximum heat transfer capacity and the wind resistance was given quantitatively. Through the research on the drainage and frosting performance of the micro-channel heat exchanger with different placing positions, the drainage capacity of the louver fin heat exchanger is effectively improved by the vertical installation of the flat pipe, the stability of the circulating frosting process is ensured, and the effective running time is increased by 32%. Aiming at the defects of the water drainage and the frosting performance of the shutter, a novel fin is developed, and the experimental research is carried out under the condition of wet working condition and frosting condition, the water drainage performance of the novel sample piece is obviously improved compared with the louver and the corrugated fin sample piece, and the heat exchange performance of the novel fin is improved by 56.7 percent under the wet working condition, The effective running time in the frosting condition is increased by 78%. 3. The long-term effect of ash deposit on the micro-channel heat exchanger was studied. The characteristics of the surface area ash nucleation and accumulation process of the micro-channel heat exchanger are studied by comparing the ash deposition process of the pipe-piece and the louver micro-channel heat exchanger, and the principle of reducing the ash deposit on the rapid nucleation area and slowing the nucleation speed is summarized. And based on the principle, a long-acting solution for blowing back the corrugated fin and the fan is proposed, the performance of the system after three months is reduced from 49.5% to 4.3%, and the formation of the ash deposit and the attenuation of the air-conditioning performance are effectively suppressed. A wind tunnel experiment table was established to study the air side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the corrugated fin microchannel heat exchanger with different fin structure parameters. In this paper, the non-linear regression and the F-significance test method are used to test the corrugated fin. The obtained corrugated fin heat exchange and pressure drop correlation type can accurately predict the data above 90%, and the prediction error is within 15%. The developed corrugated fin-associated type has been applied to the product development of the air-conditioning condenser for dozens of household air-conditioners and engineering vehicles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM925.12

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