【摘要】：染料敏化太陽能電池因其優(yōu)異性而備受關(guān)注。本文以研究染料敏化太陽能電池二氧化鈦光陽極構(gòu)筑及界面調(diào)控,減少電子復(fù)合提高器件電化學(xué)性能為目的。研究納米顆粒二氧化鈦電極包覆不同氧化物的影響以及氧化鋁包覆合適條件,同時研究電解質(zhì)添加劑鋰離子、4-叔丁基吡啶對二氧化鈦/染料/電解質(zhì)界面的電子轉(zhuǎn)移及器件的電化學(xué)性能的影響。采用一步法合成了一維二氧化鈦納米棒,研究合成納米棒的影響因素和納米棒二氧化鈦光陽極的界面調(diào)控。取得主要結(jié)論如下:(1)成功對納米顆粒二氧化鈦電極包覆Mg O、Sr O、Al2O3、Zr O2、Nb2O5材料,研究了五種氧化物對器件性能的影響。除了Nb2O5,包覆其他氧化物降低了光注入電子與I-3的復(fù)合,提高了器件性能。當包覆Al2O3時,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模擬太陽光輻照條件下獲得6.92%的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。同時研究電極浸漬時間及前驅(qū)體濃度包覆Al2O3對器件性能的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)當前驅(qū)體濃度為50 m M,Ti O2電極浸漬時間為60 s時,能夠有效抑制暗反應(yīng)(2e-+I-3→3I-),提高器件的性能,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模擬太陽光輻照條件下Jsc、Voc、FF、η依次分別為14.69m A cm-2、670 m V、0.71和6.97%。(2)研究了電解質(zhì)添加劑鋰離子、4-叔丁基吡啶對Ti O2光陽極的調(diào)控作用。發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著電解質(zhì)中鋰離子濃度的增大,Ti O2導(dǎo)帶能級發(fā)生下移,加速了光生電子與I-3的復(fù)合反應(yīng)。當鋰離子濃度為100 m M時,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模擬太陽光輻照條件下的性能最佳,其Jsc、Voc、FF、η依次分別為14.67 m A cm-2、673 m V、0.72和7.11%。隨著電解質(zhì)中4-叔丁基吡啶濃度的增大,Ti O2導(dǎo)帶能級發(fā)生上移,抑制了光生電子與I-3的復(fù)合反應(yīng)。當電解質(zhì)中4-叔丁基吡啶濃度為0.5 M時,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模擬太陽光輻照條件下的性能最佳,其Jsc、Voc、FF、η依次分別為14.27 m A cm-2、688 m V、0.72和7.04%。(3)采用一步水熱法可控合成一維Ti O2納米棒,研究水熱反應(yīng)時間、溫度、氨水濃度、NH4Cl和異丙醇含量對Ti O2納米棒形成的影響。表明:五種因素均對Ti O2納米棒的形貌或結(jié)晶性產(chǎn)生影響。將Ti O2納米棒作為電極,器件在AM 1.5G100 m W cm-2模擬太陽光輻照條件下的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率為5.56%。進一步采用Al2O3修飾Ti O2納米棒電極,發(fā)現(xiàn)器件短路電流密度明顯下降,提高了開路電壓和光生電子壽命,其在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模擬太陽光輻照條件下光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率下降至5.06%。進一步將納米棒與Ti O2散射層結(jié)合制備電極,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m Wcm-2模擬太陽光輻照條件下的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率為6.13%。與基于Ti O2納米顆粒電極的器件相比,器件的開路電壓高及填充因子均得到提高,這是由于納米棒有利于電子傳輸,降低了復(fù)合反應(yīng)。并對兩種電極包覆Al2O3后,發(fā)現(xiàn)有效的抑制了光生電子與I-3的復(fù)合反應(yīng),器件的開路電壓及填充因子均明顯提高,且納米棒作為光陽極時,器件電化學(xué)性能較好。
[Abstract]:Dye-sensitized solar cells have attracted much attention because of their advantages. The purpose of this paper is to study the photoanode construction and interface regulation of dye-sensitized solar cells, and to reduce the electronic recombination and improve the electrochemical performance of the devices. The effect of nano-sized titanium dioxide electrode coated with different oxides and the suitable conditions of alumina coating were studied. At the same time, the electrolyte additive lithium ion was also studied. Effect of 4-tert-butyl pyridine on electron transfer and electrochemical performance of titanium dioxide / dye / electrolyte interface. One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanorods were synthesized by one-step method. The factors influencing the synthesis of nanorods and the interface regulation of photoanode of nanorods were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the Mg-O, Sr-O, Al-2O _ 3, Zr-O _ 2 and NB _ 2O _ 5 materials were successfully coated with nano-TIO _ 2 electrode, and the effects of five oxides on the performance of the devices were investigated. In addition to Nb2O5,-coated oxides, the recombination of photoimplanted electrons with I _ x _ 3 is reduced, and the performance of the devices is improved. When coated with Al2O3, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.92% is obtained under the condition of AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation. At the same time, the effects of impregnation time and precursor concentration coated Al2O3 on the performance of the device were studied. It was found that the dark reaction (2e-I ~ (- 3) ~ (3) ~ (3) I ~ (-) could be effectively inhibited when the current flooding concentration was 50 mm and the impregnation time of TIO _ 2 electrode was 60 s. The Jsc,Voc,FF, 畏 of the device under AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation is 14.69m A cm-2670 MV, respectively. 0.71 and 6.97%. (2) the effect of lithium ion, 4-tert-butylpyridine (4-tert-butyl pyridine) on Ti O _ 2 photoanode was studied. It was found that with the increase of lithium ion concentration in electrolyte, the conduction band energy level of Ti-O _ 2 shifted downward, which accelerated the recombination reaction of photogenerated electrons with I ~ (3 +). When the concentration of lithium ion is 100 mm, the Jsc,Voc,FF, 畏 of the device is 14.67 Ma cm-2673 MV, 0.72% and 7.11%, respectively, under the condition of AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation. With the increase of the concentration of 4-tert-butylpyridine in the electrolyte, the conduction band energy level of Ti-O _ 2 shifted up, which inhibited the recombination reaction of photogenerated electrons with I _ (O _ 3). When the concentration of 4-tert-butylpyridine in the electrolyte is 0.5M, the performance of the device under the condition of AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation is the best, and its Jsc,Voc,FF, 畏 is 14.27mA cm-2688 MV, respectively. 0.72 and 7.04%. (3) one-dimensional TIO _ 2 nanorods were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. The effects of hydrothermal reaction time, temperature, ammonia concentration, NH4Cl and isopropanol content on the formation of Ti-O _ 2 nanorods were studied. The results show that all five factors affect the morphology or crystallinity of Ti O2 nanorods. Using Ti O2 nanorod as electrode, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device under AM 1.5G100 MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation is 5.56%. Furthermore, Al2O3 was used to modify Ti O2 nanorod electrode. It was found that the short circuit current density of the device decreased obviously, and the open circuit voltage and photogenerated electron lifetime were increased. The photoelectric conversion efficiency decreased to 5.06% under the condition of AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation. The electrode was prepared by combining nanorods with Ti O2 scattering layer. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device was 6.13% under the condition of AM 1.5G 100m Wcm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation. Compared with the device based on Ti O2 nano-particle electrode, the open-circuit voltage and filling factor of the device are improved, which is due to the advantage of the nanorods in electron transport and the reduction of the composite reaction. After coating Al2O3 with two kinds of electrodes, it was found that the recombination reaction of photogenerated electrons and I / O _ 3 was effectively inhibited, the open circuit voltage and filling factor of the device were improved obviously, and the electrochemical performance of the device was better when the nanorods were used as photoanodes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM914.4

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