【摘要】：近些年來(lái)，國(guó)內(nèi)外新興起一種大容量?jī)?chǔ)能設(shè)備——超級(jí)電容器。超級(jí)電容器是一種新型的綠色儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備，其性能優(yōu)于電池等傳統(tǒng)儲(chǔ)能方式，具有容量高，可以快速充放電，對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)污染，使用壽命長(zhǎng)等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)。對(duì)超級(jí)電容器研究的重心一直在于對(duì)電極材料的研究。金屬氧化物電極材料因其在儲(chǔ)能過(guò)程當(dāng)中會(huì)發(fā)生法拉第贗電容反應(yīng)而具有較高的比容量而備受關(guān)注。因此，本文選用五氧化二釩材料作為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)三維多孔五氧化二釩電極材料的制備及其電化學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究。本文的主要內(nèi)容分為以下幾個(gè)方面： （1）超級(jí)電容器的簡(jiǎn)介 本文首先對(duì)超級(jí)電容器做了詳細(xì)的介紹。主要介紹了超級(jí)電容器的發(fā)展歷程以及分類，，并對(duì)組成超級(jí)電容器的三個(gè)主要部分及其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀分別進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹，然后介紹了五氧化二釩材料在超級(jí)電容器中的使用及其研究現(xiàn)狀。 （2）三維多孔五氧化二釩電極材料的制備及物理表征 本文選用儲(chǔ)量豐富、價(jià)格低廉、理論比容量較高的五氧化二釩作為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)改變其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，制備出三維多孔五氧化二釩電極。目前，制備三維多孔材料的主要方法是有模板法、溶膠—凝膠法和濺射法。本文采用模板法制備三維多孔五氧化二釩電極。在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中，選用聚苯乙烯制作出電化學(xué)沉積模板，然后使用該模板進(jìn)行電化學(xué)沉積，最后溶解掉模板，得到三維多孔五氧化二釩電極材料。使用X-射線衍射儀對(duì)制備的電極材料進(jìn)行成分分析，可以知道電極材料的主要成分為五氧化二釩；使用場(chǎng)發(fā)射掃描電子顯微鏡對(duì)制備的電極材料的形貌進(jìn)行分析，可以知道電極材料為整齊排列的三維多孔結(jié)構(gòu)。 （3）三維多孔五氧化二釩超級(jí)電容器電化學(xué)性能的研究 使用制備出的三維多孔五氧化二釩電極組裝成超級(jí)電容器，并對(duì)其電化學(xué)性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試。通過(guò)循環(huán)伏安測(cè)試得到該超級(jí)電容器的最大比容量為531.25F/g。當(dāng)循環(huán)伏安測(cè)試中的掃描速率從5mV/s升至50mV/s時(shí)，三維多孔五氧化二釩超級(jí)電容器的容量保持率為42.59％，表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的倍率性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a new kind of large capacity energy storage equipment, super capacitor, has emerged at home and abroad. Supercapacitor is a new type of green energy storage equipment. Its performance is superior to traditional energy storage methods such as batteries. It has a series of advantages such as high capacity, rapid charge and discharge, no pollution to the environment, long service life and so on. The focus of the study on supercapacitors has always been the study of electrode materials. Metal oxide electrode materials have attracted much attention because of their high specific capacity due to Faraday pseudo-capacitance reaction in the process of energy storage. Therefore, the preparation and electrochemical properties of three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode materials were studied in detail. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the introduction of supercapacitors. The development and classification of supercapacitors are introduced, and the three main parts of supercapacitors and their development status are introduced in detail. Then the application of vanadium pentoxide in supercapacitors and its research status are introduced. (2) preparation and physical characterization of three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode material. In this paper, vanadium pentoxide, which has abundant reserves, low price and high theoretical specific capacity, is chosen as the research object. Three-dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode was prepared. At present, the main methods of preparing three-dimensional porous materials are template method, sol-gel method and sputtering method. In this paper, three-dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode was prepared by template method. During the experiment, polystyrene was used to prepare the electrochemical deposition template, and then the template was deposited. Finally, the template was dissolved, and the three-dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode material was obtained. The main component of the electrode material was found to be vanadium pentoxide by means of X ray diffractometer. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of the electrode materials, and it was found that the electrode materials were neatly arranged in three dimensional porous structure. (3) Electrochemical performance of three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide supercapacitors the electrochemical properties of the three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide supercapacitors were tested by using the three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrodes. The maximum specific capacity of the supercapacitor is 531.25F / g by cyclic voltammetry. When the scanning rate in cyclic voltammetry is increased from 5mV/s to 50mV/s, the capacity retention rate of 3D porous vanadium pentoxide supercapacitor is 42.59, showing excellent rate performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM53

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