【摘要】：本文基于全壽命周期理念,研究了光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的低碳綜合效益評估方法和評估模型。首先從發(fā)電收益、發(fā)電成本、系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)損改善效益和系統(tǒng)備用容量成本四個方面,分析探討了光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的碳排放(減排)特性及經(jīng)濟效益,提出了相應(yīng)的低碳效益模型和經(jīng)濟效益模型。進而結(jié)合光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的低碳特性和經(jīng)濟效益,建立了光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的低碳綜合效益分析評估模型,并提出了碳排放補償時間的概念。運用該評估模型,對天津某區(qū)10MW光伏電站和10MW風(fēng)電場進行核算和結(jié)果比對。光伏發(fā)電站生命周期劃分為光伏系統(tǒng)制造、光伏各組件運輸、光伏電站建設(shè)和運行維護四個階段。核算結(jié)果表明,光伏電站生命周期內(nèi)的碳減排強度為667.45gCO_2/kWh,碳排放補償時間為2.56年。光伏系統(tǒng)制造階段和運行階產(chǎn)生的CO_2排放量所占比例較大,分別為50%和47%。風(fēng)力發(fā)電場生命周期劃分為風(fēng)機生產(chǎn)、風(fēng)機運輸、風(fēng)電場建設(shè)和運行維護四個階段。核算結(jié)果表明,風(fēng)電場生命周期內(nèi)的碳減排強度為729.5gCO_2/kWh,碳排放補償時間為0.31年。風(fēng)機運行階段產(chǎn)生的CO_2排放量所占比例最大,為83%。基于算例結(jié)果,對光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的低碳性和經(jīng)濟性進行對比,包括光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的低碳綜合效益對比、各個階段的碳排放和經(jīng)濟收益對比、運行階段各個環(huán)節(jié)的碳排放和經(jīng)濟收益對比以及光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電全壽命周期的碳排放強度和碳排放回收期對比。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電進行敏感性分析,敏感系數(shù)包括:光照強度、制造階段耗能、全壽命周期長度和材料回收率。通過敏感性系數(shù)分析,得出不同敏感性系數(shù)對低碳綜合效益的影響,為今后光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的評估提供參考。
[Abstract]:Based on the concept of full life cycle, this paper studies the low carbon comprehensive benefit evaluation method and evaluation model of photovoltaic and wind power generation. Firstly, from four aspects of power generation income, generation cost, system network loss improvement benefit and system reserve capacity cost, the carbon emission (emission reduction) characteristics and economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation are analyzed and discussed. The corresponding low carbon benefit model and economic benefit model are put forward. Based on the low-carbon characteristics and economic benefits of photovoltaic and wind power generation, the comprehensive benefit analysis and evaluation model of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation is established, and the concept of carbon emission compensation time is put forward. The 10MW photovoltaic power station and the 10MW wind farm in a certain district of Tianjin are calculated and compared with each other by using the evaluation model. The life cycle of photovoltaic power station is divided into four stages: photovoltaic system manufacturing, photovoltaic module transportation, photovoltaic power station construction and operation and maintenance. The results show that the carbon emission reduction intensity is 667.45gCO2 / kWhand the carbon emission compensation time is 2.56 years. The proportion of CO_2 emission from manufacturing stage and operation stage of PV system is 50% and 47% respectively. The life cycle of wind farm is divided into four stages: fan production, fan transportation, wind farm construction and operation and maintenance. The results show that the carbon emission reduction intensity of wind farm is 729.5 g CO2 / kWhduring the life cycle of wind farm, and the compensation time of carbon emission is 0.31 years. Fan operation phase produced the largest proportion of CO_2 emissions, 833. Based on the results of numerical examples, the low-carbon and economical characteristics of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation are compared, including the low carbon comprehensive benefits of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, and the comparison of carbon emissions and economic benefits in various stages. The comparison of carbon emission and economic benefits in each stage of operation, and the comparison of carbon emission intensity and carbon recovery period in the whole life cycle of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation. On this basis, sensitivity analysis of photovoltaic and wind power generation is carried out. The sensitivity coefficients include: light intensity, energy consumption in manufacturing stage, life cycle length and material recovery rate. Through the sensitivity coefficient analysis, the influence of different sensitivity coefficient on the comprehensive benefit of low carbon is obtained, which provides a reference for the evaluation of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM61

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