大型雙饋風(fēng)電機(jī)組故障穿越關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-28 21:47
【摘要】：大規(guī)模風(fēng)電接入電網(wǎng)給電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行和管理帶來(lái)了較大的挑戰(zhàn)。為此，新的電網(wǎng)規(guī)范要求風(fēng)電機(jī)組應(yīng)保證具備故障穿越（Fault ride through, FRT）能力。因此，研究風(fēng)力發(fā)電故障穿越的問(wèn)題具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義，關(guān)系著風(fēng)力發(fā)電進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，是風(fēng)力發(fā)電大規(guī)模并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。在眾多的風(fēng)力發(fā)電拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)中，由于雙饋風(fēng)電機(jī)組具有的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)和良好的運(yùn)行性能，其一直占據(jù)著世界風(fēng)電市場(chǎng)的主要份額，是國(guó)際風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組研制的主流技術(shù)之一。然而，和其他結(jié)構(gòu)的機(jī)組相比，雙饋感應(yīng)電機(jī)（Doubly fed induction generator, DFIG）風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)的故障穿越能力最具挑戰(zhàn)性。主要是雙饋感應(yīng)電機(jī)定子繞組直接接入電網(wǎng)而導(dǎo)致的對(duì)電網(wǎng)故障尤其是電壓故障特別敏感和有限的變換器容量造成的。因此，改善雙饋風(fēng)電機(jī)組故障期間的瞬態(tài)行為以滿(mǎn)足現(xiàn)代電網(wǎng)所提的故障穿越要求正在成為廣泛關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義。 當(dāng)雙饋風(fēng)電機(jī)組遭受對(duì)稱(chēng)電壓跌落時(shí)，為滿(mǎn)足雙饋機(jī)組故障穿越要求需要解決的兩個(gè)主要問(wèn)題是雙饋電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子過(guò)電流和變換器直流母線過(guò)電壓。而這直接威脅著變換器的安全和雙饋機(jī)組的不間斷并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行。而當(dāng)電網(wǎng)電壓發(fā)生不對(duì)稱(chēng)跌落故障時(shí)，除了故障嚴(yán)重時(shí)出現(xiàn)過(guò)電流外，更多關(guān)注的是雙饋電機(jī)輸出有功無(wú)功以及電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩中的二倍頻振動(dòng)問(wèn)題和直流側(cè)紋波問(wèn)題。因此，本文針對(duì)上述熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了全面、深入、系統(tǒng)地研究，主要完成的工作和取得的成果為： 1）基于空間矢量的表征，完成了雙饋感應(yīng)電機(jī)在兩相αβ自然坐標(biāo)系和dq同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)建模，及其轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)和網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器及其控制策略在同步坐標(biāo)系下的建模。在電力系統(tǒng)專(zhuān)用仿真軟件PSCAD/EMTDC的環(huán)境中，搭建了完整的更精確的雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組仿真平臺(tái)，用于仿真驗(yàn)證所提故障穿越方案的有效性和可行性。 2）利用定子（靜止）坐標(biāo)系下雙饋異步電機(jī)的空間矢量數(shù)學(xué)模型，在不同程度和不同類(lèi)型的電壓跌落故障（不對(duì)稱(chēng)故障主要包括單相對(duì)地和兩相短路故障）情況下，對(duì)雙饋感應(yīng)電機(jī)的瞬態(tài)行為（定子磁鏈瞬態(tài)、轉(zhuǎn)子開(kāi)路電壓瞬態(tài)和轉(zhuǎn)子電流瞬態(tài)）進(jìn)行了具有一般意義的理論分析。尤其是對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子故障電流進(jìn)行了更為詳細(xì)的研究，考慮了不同頻率電壓分量在轉(zhuǎn)子回路中造成的阻抗的差別以及轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)變換器輸出電壓對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子故障電流的影響，推導(dǎo)出了轉(zhuǎn)子故障電流在對(duì)稱(chēng)、不對(duì)稱(chēng)電壓故障條件下的精確表達(dá)式，并通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證了該表達(dá)式的正確性，并討論了影響轉(zhuǎn)子故障電流表達(dá)式準(zhǔn)確性的因素。通過(guò)這些簡(jiǎn)單明了地分析，揭示了制約雙饋感應(yīng)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)故障穿越運(yùn)行的機(jī)理，為雙饋機(jī)組尋求合適的故障穿越方案奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。 3）從控制策略的角度出發(fā)，基于轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)變換器傳統(tǒng)矢量控制技術(shù)，研究了不同電壓前饋補(bǔ)償項(xiàng)對(duì)雙饋風(fēng)電機(jī)組故障穿越能力的影響，并簡(jiǎn)化了前饋補(bǔ)償項(xiàng)中瞬態(tài)磁鏈的評(píng)估方法，解決了考慮定子瞬態(tài)特性后需評(píng)估定子電阻的問(wèn)題，而定子電阻的評(píng)估通常是很困難的�？紤]到雙饋異步電機(jī)具有的非線性特性，，線性的控制策略在電壓跌落時(shí)系統(tǒng)性能惡化的問(wèn)題，研究了典型非線性控制策略——滯環(huán)控制器在改善雙饋機(jī)組故障穿越性能方面的效果。事實(shí)上，從能量平衡的角度出發(fā)，故障期間雙饋電機(jī)定轉(zhuǎn)子過(guò)電流產(chǎn)生的原因是故障期間出現(xiàn)的能量不平衡造成的。因此，為了緩減故障期間能量的不平衡，從而提高雙饋機(jī)組的故障穿越能力，研究了減載增速的雙饋機(jī)組故障穿越方案。仿真驗(yàn)證了上述策略在改善雙饋機(jī)組故障穿越能力方面具有的各自的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)，這些策略均能夠不同程度的提高雙饋機(jī)組的穿越能力。最后，分析了變換器對(duì)雙饋機(jī)組穿越能力的影響。 4）研究了crowbar電路保護(hù)技術(shù)、主要包括不同旁路電阻對(duì)系統(tǒng)的影響評(píng)估以及阻值的優(yōu)化，比較了crowbar電路不同控制策略對(duì)雙饋機(jī)組故障穿越的影響以及crowbar電路保護(hù)技術(shù)存在的問(wèn)題。針對(duì)雙饋機(jī)組故障期間在crowbar電路保護(hù)下存在的過(guò)速問(wèn)題，研究了基于緊急變槳和crowbar保護(hù)協(xié)調(diào)的故障穿越方案。為了徹底解決crowbar電路存在的電機(jī)失控問(wèn)題，研究了包括轉(zhuǎn)子串電阻保護(hù)和定子串電阻保護(hù)的保護(hù)技術(shù)。其中，評(píng)估了兩種串聯(lián)保護(hù)不同限流電阻對(duì)系統(tǒng)的影響，并比較了二者的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。最后，提出了基于轉(zhuǎn)子串電阻保護(hù)的聯(lián)合雙饋機(jī)組故障穿越解決方案，并通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證了該方案的有效性和可行性。 5）研究了雙饋風(fēng)電機(jī)組基于動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器的故障穿越方案。首先分析了動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器應(yīng)用中涉及的一般問(wèn)題，其中包括拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、基本原理、補(bǔ)償策略等。并針對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器在雙饋機(jī)組中應(yīng)用的特殊性，選擇了合適的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和補(bǔ)償策略、分析了主回路的主要參數(shù)的確定方法，最后，通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證了在動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器的保護(hù)下雙饋機(jī)組成功穿越全電壓故障（包括低壓、零壓、高壓、單相對(duì)地以及兩相對(duì)地故障）及其改善雙饋機(jī)組瞬態(tài)性能的能力。
[Abstract]:The large-scale wind power access grid brings great challenges to the safe operation and management of the power grid. For this purpose, the new grid specification requires the wind turbine to ensure that the fault-through (FRT) capability is provided. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the problem of wind power generation, which is one of the key technologies of large-scale wind power generation and network operation. In many wind power generation topologies, because of the many advantages and good running performance of the double-fed wind power unit, it has always occupied the main share of the world wind power market, and is one of the mainstream technologies developed by the international wind generating set. However, the fault-crossing ability of the double-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind power system is most challenging as compared to the other structures. mainly due to the direct access of the stator winding of the double-feed induction motor to the power grid, and is caused by the particularly sensitive and limited transformer capacity of the voltage fault. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the transient behavior during the fault of the double-fed wind turbine to meet the fault crossing requirements of the modern power grid. When the double-fed wind turbine unit is subjected to the symmetrical voltage drop, the two main problems that need to be solved to meet the fault crossing requirement of the double-feed unit are the over-current of the double-feed motor and the over-current of the DC bus of the converter Pressure. This directly threatens the safety of the converter and the uninterrupted supply of the dual feed unit. Line. In case of an asymmetric drop fault of the grid voltage, the two-frequency-frequency vibration problem and the direct current-side ripple question in the output active and reactive power and the electromagnetic torque of the double-feed motor are more concerned in addition to the overcurrent which occurs when the fault is serious Therefore, this paper has carried on the comprehensive, in-depth, systematic research, the main work and the achievement of the above-mentioned hot issues. 1) Based on the characterization of the space vector, the number of the two-phase induction motor in the two-phase synchronous rotation coordinate system and the dq synchronous rotation coordinate system is completed. learning and modeling, and its rotor-side and net-side converter and its control strategy in synchronous coordinate system In the environment of PSCAD/ EMTDC special simulation software of power system, a complete and more accurate simulation platform of double-fed wind generating set is set up, which is used to simulate and verify the effectiveness of the fault crossing scheme. feasibility. 2) Using the space vector mathematical model of the double-fed asynchronous motor under the stator (static) coordinate system, the voltage drop fault (asymmetric fault mainly including single-to-ground and two-phase short-circuit) in different degrees and different types The transient behavior of the double-fed induction motor (stator magnetic chain transient, rotor open-circuit voltage transient and rotor current transient) is of general significance in the case of a barrier In particular, the rotor fault current is studied in more detail, the difference of the impedance caused by the different frequency voltage components in the rotor circuit and the effect of the output voltage of the rotor-side converter on the rotor fault current are considered, and the rotor fault is derived. The accurate expression of current under the condition of symmetrical and asymmetric voltage fault is obtained, and the correctness of the expression is verified by the simulation. The mechanism of the fault crossing operation of the double-fed induction wind-driven generator is revealed through these simple and simple analysis, which lays the foundation for finding the proper fault crossing scheme for the double-feed unit. Based on the traditional vector control technology of the rotor-side converter, the influence of different voltage feedforward compensation terms on the fault-crossing ability of the double-fed wind power unit is studied based on the traditional vector control technology of the rotor-side converter, and the transient state of the feedforward compensation term is simplified. The evaluation method of the magnetic chain solves the problem that the stator resistance needs to be evaluated after the stator transient characteristics are taken into account, and the evaluation of the stator resistance It is often difficult to take into account the non-linear characteristics of the double-fed asynchronous motor. The linear control strategy is a problem in the performance of the system when the voltage drops. The typical non-linear control strategy _ hysteresis loop controller is studied to improve the fault crossing of the double-feed unit. The effect of performance. In fact, starting from the angle of energy balance, the reason that the double-feed motor stator-stator overcurrent occurs during the fault is the energy that occurs during the fault Therefore, in order to reduce the unbalance of energy during the fault, the fault-crossing ability of the double-feed unit is improved, and the double-feed machine with no-load-increasing speed is studied. The simulation verifies the respective characteristics and advantages of the strategy in improving the fault-crossing ability of the dual-feed unit, which can improve the double-feed by varying degrees. The crossing ability of the unit is analyzed. Finally, the double-feed unit of the converter is analyzed. 4) The influence of different bypass resistance on the system and the optimization of the resistance value are studied. The influence of different control strategies of the crowbar circuit on the fault crossing of the double-feed unit and the crowbar circuit are compared. The problem of the protection technology is a problem in the protection of the crowbar circuit during the fault of the double-feed unit, and the protection based on the emergency and crowbar protection is studied. In order to thoroughly solve the problem of the runaway of the motor in the crowbar circuit, the resistance protection and the stator string of the rotor are studied. The protection technology of resistance protection, in which the effect of two series protection different current-limiting resistors on the system is evaluated, and The advantages and disadvantages of both are compared. Finally, the fault crossing solution of the combined double-feed unit based on the resistance protection of the substring is put forward, and the method is verified by the simulation. The validity and feasibility of the case are discussed. 5) The dynamic electricity of the double-fed wind power unit is studied. In this paper, the general problems involved in the application of the dynamic voltage restorer are analyzed, including the topological structure. In the light of the particularity of the application of the dynamic voltage restorer in the double-feed unit, the appropriate topological structure and compensation strategy are selected, and the main circuit is analyzed. The method of the determination of the parameter is finally verified by the simulation. The fault of the full-voltage (including low-voltage, zero-voltage, high-voltage, single-to-one and two-to-one-to-one-to-one) and the improvement of the double-feed unit under the protection of the dynamic voltage restorer is verified by the simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM315
本文編號(hào)：2394475
[Abstract]:The large-scale wind power access grid brings great challenges to the safe operation and management of the power grid. For this purpose, the new grid specification requires the wind turbine to ensure that the fault-through (FRT) capability is provided. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the problem of wind power generation, which is one of the key technologies of large-scale wind power generation and network operation. In many wind power generation topologies, because of the many advantages and good running performance of the double-fed wind power unit, it has always occupied the main share of the world wind power market, and is one of the mainstream technologies developed by the international wind generating set. However, the fault-crossing ability of the double-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind power system is most challenging as compared to the other structures. mainly due to the direct access of the stator winding of the double-feed induction motor to the power grid, and is caused by the particularly sensitive and limited transformer capacity of the voltage fault. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the transient behavior during the fault of the double-fed wind turbine to meet the fault crossing requirements of the modern power grid. When the double-fed wind turbine unit is subjected to the symmetrical voltage drop, the two main problems that need to be solved to meet the fault crossing requirement of the double-feed unit are the over-current of the double-feed motor and the over-current of the DC bus of the converter Pressure. This directly threatens the safety of the converter and the uninterrupted supply of the dual feed unit. Line. In case of an asymmetric drop fault of the grid voltage, the two-frequency-frequency vibration problem and the direct current-side ripple question in the output active and reactive power and the electromagnetic torque of the double-feed motor are more concerned in addition to the overcurrent which occurs when the fault is serious Therefore, this paper has carried on the comprehensive, in-depth, systematic research, the main work and the achievement of the above-mentioned hot issues. 1) Based on the characterization of the space vector, the number of the two-phase induction motor in the two-phase synchronous rotation coordinate system and the dq synchronous rotation coordinate system is completed. learning and modeling, and its rotor-side and net-side converter and its control strategy in synchronous coordinate system In the environment of PSCAD/ EMTDC special simulation software of power system, a complete and more accurate simulation platform of double-fed wind generating set is set up, which is used to simulate and verify the effectiveness of the fault crossing scheme. feasibility. 2) Using the space vector mathematical model of the double-fed asynchronous motor under the stator (static) coordinate system, the voltage drop fault (asymmetric fault mainly including single-to-ground and two-phase short-circuit) in different degrees and different types The transient behavior of the double-fed induction motor (stator magnetic chain transient, rotor open-circuit voltage transient and rotor current transient) is of general significance in the case of a barrier In particular, the rotor fault current is studied in more detail, the difference of the impedance caused by the different frequency voltage components in the rotor circuit and the effect of the output voltage of the rotor-side converter on the rotor fault current are considered, and the rotor fault is derived. The accurate expression of current under the condition of symmetrical and asymmetric voltage fault is obtained, and the correctness of the expression is verified by the simulation. The mechanism of the fault crossing operation of the double-fed induction wind-driven generator is revealed through these simple and simple analysis, which lays the foundation for finding the proper fault crossing scheme for the double-feed unit. Based on the traditional vector control technology of the rotor-side converter, the influence of different voltage feedforward compensation terms on the fault-crossing ability of the double-fed wind power unit is studied based on the traditional vector control technology of the rotor-side converter, and the transient state of the feedforward compensation term is simplified. The evaluation method of the magnetic chain solves the problem that the stator resistance needs to be evaluated after the stator transient characteristics are taken into account, and the evaluation of the stator resistance It is often difficult to take into account the non-linear characteristics of the double-fed asynchronous motor. The linear control strategy is a problem in the performance of the system when the voltage drops. The typical non-linear control strategy _ hysteresis loop controller is studied to improve the fault crossing of the double-feed unit. The effect of performance. In fact, starting from the angle of energy balance, the reason that the double-feed motor stator-stator overcurrent occurs during the fault is the energy that occurs during the fault Therefore, in order to reduce the unbalance of energy during the fault, the fault-crossing ability of the double-feed unit is improved, and the double-feed machine with no-load-increasing speed is studied. The simulation verifies the respective characteristics and advantages of the strategy in improving the fault-crossing ability of the dual-feed unit, which can improve the double-feed by varying degrees. The crossing ability of the unit is analyzed. Finally, the double-feed unit of the converter is analyzed. 4) The influence of different bypass resistance on the system and the optimization of the resistance value are studied. The influence of different control strategies of the crowbar circuit on the fault crossing of the double-feed unit and the crowbar circuit are compared. The problem of the protection technology is a problem in the protection of the crowbar circuit during the fault of the double-feed unit, and the protection based on the emergency and crowbar protection is studied. In order to thoroughly solve the problem of the runaway of the motor in the crowbar circuit, the resistance protection and the stator string of the rotor are studied. The protection technology of resistance protection, in which the effect of two series protection different current-limiting resistors on the system is evaluated, and The advantages and disadvantages of both are compared. Finally, the fault crossing solution of the combined double-feed unit based on the resistance protection of the substring is put forward, and the method is verified by the simulation. The validity and feasibility of the case are discussed. 5) The dynamic electricity of the double-fed wind power unit is studied. In this paper, the general problems involved in the application of the dynamic voltage restorer are analyzed, including the topological structure. In the light of the particularity of the application of the dynamic voltage restorer in the double-feed unit, the appropriate topological structure and compensation strategy are selected, and the main circuit is analyzed. The method of the determination of the parameter is finally verified by the simulation. The fault of the full-voltage (including low-voltage, zero-voltage, high-voltage, single-to-one and two-to-one-to-one-to-one) and the improvement of the double-feed unit under the protection of the dynamic voltage restorer is verified by the simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM315
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