【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)子是大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)的核心部件,在其生命周期中一直進(jìn)行著高速旋轉(zhuǎn),主要組成部分包括轉(zhuǎn)軸、線圈繞組、輔助性環(huán)類件等,其中轉(zhuǎn)軸是轉(zhuǎn)子最為重要的載體,因此轉(zhuǎn)軸的力學(xué)性能決定了轉(zhuǎn)子的使用壽命及運(yùn)行情況。由于轉(zhuǎn)軸屬于大型鍛造件,在其制造的過程中不可避免的會引入殘余應(yīng)力,而殘余應(yīng)力恰恰是力學(xué)性能中的重要組成部分。目前國內(nèi)大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸殘余應(yīng)力的檢測方法主要是切環(huán)法,而國外制造廠商則普遍采用環(huán)芯法,隨著我國與國外同行日益密切的技術(shù)商務(wù)合作和自身制造能力的提升,近年來國內(nèi)制造廠商也逐步引進(jìn)了環(huán)芯法,因此目前國內(nèi)處于兩種檢測方法并行的情形。作者所在的汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)制造工廠也在近幾年引進(jìn)了環(huán)芯法,但在實(shí)際檢測中發(fā)現(xiàn)針對發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸的殘余應(yīng)力檢測,環(huán)芯法檢測數(shù)據(jù)要略高于切環(huán)法的檢測數(shù)據(jù)。通過從兩種方法的理論基礎(chǔ)及具體實(shí)踐的比較發(fā)現(xiàn),從原理上環(huán)芯法所檢測的轉(zhuǎn)軸切向與軸向的殘余應(yīng)力要比切環(huán)法所檢測的轉(zhuǎn)軸徑向的殘余應(yīng)力更具有工程實(shí)用價值,而且環(huán)芯法的檢測深度及應(yīng)變系數(shù)的確定相比切環(huán)法要更加的科學(xué);從具體實(shí)踐上,環(huán)芯法的應(yīng)變檢測精度為1μm/m要高于切環(huán)法的10μm/m,而且環(huán)芯法的檢測所占試料區(qū)更小、不需占用行車和大型機(jī)床使得檢測成本更加的低廉,同時環(huán)芯法每個檢測點(diǎn)30min的檢測時間要比切環(huán)法約12h的檢測時間更加高效。因此在今后對汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸的殘余應(yīng)力進(jìn)行檢測時,建議使用環(huán)芯法替代切環(huán)法,以獲得更好的綜合效益,同時鑒于兩種方法存在的差異,應(yīng)在相應(yīng)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對兩種檢測方法進(jìn)行區(qū)分。
[Abstract]:Rotor is the core component of large turbogenerator, and it has been rotating at high speed in its life cycle. The main components include rotating shaft, coil winding, auxiliary ring and so on, among which the rotor shaft is the most important carrier. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the shaft determine the service life and operation of the rotor. As the shaft belongs to a large forging part, it is inevitable to introduce residual stress in the manufacturing process, and residual stress is an important part of mechanical properties. At present, the method of measuring residual stress of rotating shaft of large turbogenerator in China is mainly annular method, while foreign manufacturers generally adopt annular core method. With the increasing technical and commercial cooperation between our country and foreign counterparts and the improvement of its own manufacturing capability, In recent years, domestic manufacturers have gradually introduced the ring core method, so at present the two detection methods are in parallel in our country. In recent years, the ring core method has been introduced into the turbo generator manufacturing factory, but it is found in practice that the ring core method is a little higher than the tangent method in detecting the residual stress of the generator shaft. By comparing the theoretical basis and practical practice of the two methods, it is found that, in principle, the tangential and axial residual stresses detected by the annular core method have more practical engineering value than the radial residual stresses of the rotary axis measured by the tangential method. And the determination of the detection depth and strain coefficient of the ring core method is more scientific than that of the tangential method. In practice, the precision of strain detection by the annular core method is 1 渭 m / m higher than that of the annular method by 10 渭 m / m, and the testing area of the annular core method is smaller than that of the annular core method, and the testing cost is much lower without the need of driving and large machine tools. At the same time, the detection time of 30min at each detection point is more efficient than that of the annular method for about 12 hours. Therefore, it is suggested that the annular core method should be used instead of the annular method in order to obtain better comprehensive benefits when the residual stress of the rotating shaft of turbogenerator is measured in the future, and in view of the differences between the two methods, The two detection methods should be distinguished in the corresponding industry standards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM311

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