【摘要】：液流電池由于具有可規(guī)模儲(chǔ)能、充放電轉(zhuǎn)換速率快,循環(huán)壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)勢(shì)而備受關(guān)注。北京防化研究院分析單液流鉛酸電池特點(diǎn)結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)的鋅鎳電池優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)于2007年研制出單液流鋅鎳電池,該體系解決傳統(tǒng)鋅鎳電池鋅枝晶問(wèn)題,提高了電池的循環(huán)壽命；電池可刷新維護(hù)保持性能、不需要隔膜等優(yōu)點(diǎn)使其具有很高的研究?jī)r(jià)值。為了更好的研究單液流鋅鎳電池的性能,需要對(duì)電池進(jìn)行建模,分析電池的電壓特性。 本文首先分析單液流鋅鎳電池電壓關(guān)系,把電池歐姆內(nèi)阻用電阻等效,極化電壓的變化與RC并聯(lián)電路響應(yīng)曲線類(lèi)似,因此采用并聯(lián)RC電路等效,電池開(kāi)路電壓用電壓源等效,充放電過(guò)程中其開(kāi)路電壓的變化用電容等效,建立PNGV等效電路模型,推導(dǎo)充放電過(guò)程端電壓關(guān)于充放電時(shí)間的關(guān)系,然后采用混合脈沖功率實(shí)驗(yàn)獲取模型參數(shù),最后得到模型充放電過(guò)程端電壓變化曲線,并與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比驗(yàn)證模型準(zhǔn)確性。 基于PNGV模型與單液流鋅鎳電池電化學(xué)機(jī)理分析,把電池由雙電層而產(chǎn)生的電化學(xué)極化與擴(kuò)散而產(chǎn)生的濃差極化分別采用RC并聯(lián)電路進(jìn)行等效。本文提出了改進(jìn)的PNGV單液流鋅鎳電池等效電路模型,然后采用零階保持器離散化處理,得到關(guān)于時(shí)間的充放電離散化模型,最后基于遺忘因子的最小二乘法進(jìn)行在線辨識(shí)模型參數(shù),預(yù)測(cè)電池充放電電壓變化曲線,并與第三章建立的PNGV等效電路模型進(jìn)行對(duì)比,總結(jié)改進(jìn)模型優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 對(duì)電池進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)分析在不同條件下的效率,主要得到以下結(jié)果：1)在小于120A放電電流下,其容量效率在95%以上；大電流放電可縮短放電時(shí)間,但其容量效率較低。2)與連續(xù)放電相比,采用間隙放電、放電截止后進(jìn)行小電流放電均可以提高電池的容量效率。3)不同深度充放電其容量效率均保持在95%以上,使用時(shí)可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要的容量,來(lái)選擇充電深度,提高電池的使用效率。4)電池200個(gè)循環(huán)左右時(shí)電池容量效率低于85%,需要對(duì)電池進(jìn)行刷新維護(hù),恢復(fù)其特性。
[Abstract]:Liquid-flow batteries have attracted much attention due to their advantages of large scale energy storage, fast charge-discharge conversion rate and long cycle life. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of single liquid lead acid battery combined with the advantages and disadvantages of traditional zinc nickel battery, the single liquid flow zinc nickel battery was developed in 2007. The system solves the zinc dendrite problem of traditional zinc nickel battery and improves the cycle life of the battery. Battery can refresh the maintenance and maintain performance, do not need the advantages of diaphragm, so it has high research value. In order to better study the performance of single flow zinc-nickel battery, it is necessary to model the battery and analyze the voltage characteristics of the battery. In this paper, the voltage relationship of single liquid flow zinc-nickel battery is first analyzed. The ohmic resistance of the battery is equivalent to that of the ohmic resistance, and the polarization voltage is similar to the response curve of the RC parallel circuit. Therefore, the parallel RC circuit is used as the equivalent circuit, and the open circuit voltage of the battery is equivalent to the voltage source. The change of open circuit voltage in charge / discharge process is equivalent to capacitance. The PNGV equivalent circuit model is established, and the relationship between terminal voltage and charge / discharge time during charge / discharge process is deduced. Then the model parameters are obtained by hybrid pulse power experiment. Finally, the terminal voltage curve of the model is obtained and compared with the experimental data to verify the accuracy of the model. Based on the PNGV model and the electrochemical mechanism analysis of single liquid flow zinc nickel battery, the concentration polarization caused by the electrochemical polarization and diffusion produced by the double layer is equivalent to the RC parallel circuit. In this paper, an improved equivalent circuit model of PNGV single flow zinc-nickel battery is proposed, and then the zero order holdout discretization is used to obtain the charge and discharge discretization model about time. Finally, the model parameters are identified online based on the least square method based on the forgetting factor, and the battery charge / discharge voltage variation curve is predicted. The model is compared with the PNGV equivalent circuit model established in Chapter 3, and the advantages of the improved model are summarized. The results are as follows: 1) when the discharge current is less than 120A, the capacity efficiency is more than 95%; High current discharge can shorten discharge time, but its capacity efficiency is lower. 2) compared with continuous discharge, gap discharge is used. Low current discharge after discharge cutoff can improve the capacity efficiency of the battery. 3) charging and discharging at different depth can keep the capacity efficiency above 95%, and the charging depth can be selected according to the actual capacity. 4) the battery capacity efficiency is lower than 85 when the battery cycle is about 200 cycles, so it is necessary to refresh and maintain the battery and restore its characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM912

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