【摘要】：超級電容器是一種具有廣闊應用前景的儲能器件。碳材料作為超級電容器的電極材料具有無污染、低成本、原料充足和電化學性能優(yōu)良等諸多優(yōu)點。 本課題采用了一種天然生物材料鹵蟲卵殼作為合成碳材料的前驅體，利用在惰性保護氣體下高溫裂解的方式獲得碳材料。研究了在不同惰性氣氛中碳材料的電化學性能，酸處理對碳材料的影響。以及用KOH對碳材料在高溫下進行化學活化，找出合成電化學性能良好的碳電極材料。采用X射線衍射儀(XRD)、比表面積分析（BET）、場發(fā)射掃描電鏡(FE-SEM)、透色電鏡（TEM）、電子能譜儀（XPS）、循環(huán)伏安法(CV)、恒電流充放電測試方法對產品進行表征。 氬氣氣氛中制得的多級孔道碳材料，經過HNO3清洗之后，其比表面積420m2g-1，孔體積為0.258cm3g-1。并且表現(xiàn)出了良好的電化學性能，在1M H2SO4電解液中，最大比電容達到321F g-1，在6M KOH電解液中最大比電容達到231F g-1，在1M Na2SO4電解液中最大比電容達到了178F g-1，在6M KOH，1M H2SO4和1M Na2SO4表現(xiàn)出了優(yōu)秀的循環(huán)性能，在電流密度5Ag-1進行充放電一萬次后的容量保持率分別為100%，100%，97%。 碳材料在氬氣和氮氣中活化的最佳條件為：Mc：MKOH=1：2（碳材料和氫氧化鉀質量比），在此比例下氮氣中的碳材料的比表面積達到了1256m2g-1，孔體積為0.68cm3g-1；而在此比例下氬氣中的碳材料的比表面積達到了1758m2g-1，孔體積為0.76cm3g-1。在氬氣中得到的電化學性能最好的多孔碳材料，在1M H2SO4電解液中，最大比電容達到369F g-1，在6M KOH電解液中最大比電容達到349F g-1，在1MNa2SO4電解液中最大比電容達到了238F g-1。 將的合成的電化學性能最好的鹵蟲卵殼活化碳材料作為負極材料，合成的MnO2/GO作為正極材料組裝非對稱超級電容器，電化學測試表現(xiàn)出了優(yōu)秀的電化學性能，電壓窗口最高能到達2V，，在功率密度為100W kg-1時最大能量密度達到了46.47Wh kg-1，循環(huán)4000圈后的容量保持率為92.7%。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitor is a kind of energy storage device with wide application prospect. Carbon materials as electrode materials for supercapacitors have many advantages, such as no pollution, low cost, sufficient raw materials and excellent electrochemical performance. In this paper, a natural biological material, Artemia egg shell, was used as the precursor of synthetic carbon material, and the carbon material was obtained by pyrolysis at high temperature under inert protection gas. The electrochemical properties of carbon materials in different inert atmospheres and the effect of acid treatment on carbon materials were studied. The carbon materials were chemically activated by KOH at high temperature to find out the carbon electrode materials with good electrochemical properties. Analysis of (BET), Field Emission scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), by (TEM), Electron Spectrometer The product was characterized by constant current charge-discharge test. After HNO3 cleaning, the surface area and pore volume of multistage porous carbon materials prepared in argon atmosphere were 420 m2g-1 and 0.258cm3g-1, respectively. The maximum specific capacitance reached 321F g-1 in 1m H2SO4 electrolyte, 231F g-1 in 6m KOH electrolyte and 178F g-1in 1m Na2SO4 electrolyte. At 6 M KOH,1M H2SO4 and 1 M Na2SO4, excellent cycling performance is shown. After charging and discharging 10 000 times at the current density 5Ag-1, the capacity retention rate is 100m / 100g / 97, respectively. The optimum conditions for the activation of carbon materials in argon and nitrogen are as follows: Mc:MKOH=1:2 (mass ratio of carbon materials to potassium hydroxide), the specific surface area of carbon materials in nitrogen reaches 1256m2g-1, and the pore volume is 0.68cm3g-1; The specific surface area and pore volume of carbon materials in argon are 1758m2g-1and 0.76cm3g-1respectively. The porous carbon material with the best electrochemical performance in argon has the maximum specific capacitance of 369F g-1 in 1m H2SO4 electrolyte and 349F g-1 in 6m KOH electrolyte. The maximum specific capacitance reached 238 F g -1 in 1MNa2SO4 electrolyte. The synthesized halogen egg shell activated carbon material was used as negative electrode material, and the synthesized MnO2/GO was used as positive electrode material to assemble asymmetric supercapacitor. The electrochemical test showed excellent electrochemical performance. The maximum energy of the voltage window reaches 2V and the maximum energy density reaches the capacity retention rate of 92.7 after 4000 cycles of 46.47Wh kg-1, cycle when the power density is 100W kg-1.
【學位授予單位】：燕山大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM53;O613.71

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