發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-09 11:09

【摘要】：風(fēng)能是一種清潔的可再生能源,是全球能源結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要組成部分,其對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)、維持生態(tài)平衡、減少對(duì)傳統(tǒng)能源的依賴和改善能源結(jié)構(gòu)都有重要意義。垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)相比于水平軸風(fēng)力機(jī)有許多優(yōu)勢:結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、安裝維護(hù)方便、無需對(duì)風(fēng)裝置等。而由于垂直軸風(fēng)輪氣動(dòng)特性復(fù)雜:來流穿過風(fēng)輪時(shí)速度、壓力等隨時(shí)間不停變化,如何建立反映其物理本質(zhì)的數(shù)學(xué)模型并尋求高效率、高準(zhǔn)確度的設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù),以提高風(fēng)能利用率已成為垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題。首先,本文介紹了垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)的幾種基本研究方法,包括計(jì)算空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)方法、數(shù)值方法和試驗(yàn)方法,重點(diǎn)介紹了動(dòng)量方法中的多流管模型方法和雙多流管模型方法,為下面二維模型的建立提供理論依據(jù)。其次,基于葉素動(dòng)量理論,通過分析阻力型垂直軸風(fēng)輪凸凹面葉片的受力狀況,理解其工作原理,從而建立阻力型垂直軸風(fēng)輪的二維氣動(dòng)特性的數(shù)學(xué)模型,給出了阻力型垂直軸風(fēng)輪平均功率的計(jì)算公式,并由此模型分析了阻力型垂直軸風(fēng)輪的性能提升方法;此外,通過充分分析風(fēng)輪葉素的受力狀態(tài)及速度矢量關(guān)系,建立了H型垂直軸風(fēng)輪的二維氣動(dòng)模型并給出了其平均功率計(jì)算公式,然后分析了攻角隨方位角的變化規(guī)律,以及葉尖速比等參數(shù)的變化對(duì)風(fēng)輪性能的影響;最后,根據(jù)雙多流管模型,建立了垂直軸風(fēng)輪的二維氣動(dòng)特性模型,并將模型在MATLAB軟件中進(jìn)行程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)以減少其計(jì)算量,并以一種3葉片H型風(fēng)輪為例對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明模型對(duì)垂直軸風(fēng)輪的設(shè)計(jì)及功率預(yù)測都是實(shí)用有效的。最后,對(duì)前面給出的算例進(jìn)行了二維數(shù)值模擬,先利用CAD軟件畫出其幾何模型,然后在CFD軟件中使用非結(jié)構(gòu)的三角形網(wǎng)格對(duì)風(fēng)輪進(jìn)行離散化處理,最后在Fluent軟件中利用滑移網(wǎng)格的方法分析了其流場特性。通過數(shù)值模擬,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了所建立的垂直軸風(fēng)輪二維氣動(dòng)特性的數(shù)學(xué)模型的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:Wind energy is a kind of clean renewable energy, which is an important part of the global energy structure. It is of great significance for environmental protection, maintaining ecological balance, reducing dependence on traditional energy and improving energy structure. Compared with horizontal axis wind turbine, vertical axis wind turbine has many advantages: simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, no need for wind equipment, etc. Because the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis wind turbine are complicated, such as velocity, pressure and so on, how to establish mathematical model to reflect its physical essence and to find the design basis of high efficiency and high accuracy. Improving wind energy utilization rate has become a key scientific problem in the field of vertical axis wind turbine design. Firstly, this paper introduces several basic research methods of vertical axis wind turbine, including computational aerodynamics method, numerical method and test method, and focuses on the multi-flow tube model method and double multi-flow tube model method in the momentum method. To provide the theoretical basis for the establishment of the following two-dimensional model. Secondly, based on the vane momentum theory, by analyzing the force condition of the resistance vertical axis wind turbine blade, and understanding its working principle, the mathematical model of the two dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of the resistance vertical axis wind turbine is established. The calculation formula of the average power of the resistance vertical axis wind turbine is given, and the performance lifting method of the resistance vertical axis wind turbine is analyzed by using the model. In addition, by fully analyzing the force state and velocity vector relation of wind turbine impeller, a two-dimensional aerodynamic model of H-type vertical axis wind turbine is established and its average power calculation formula is given. Then, the variation law of attack angle with azimuth angle is analyzed. The influence of the blade tip speed ratio and other parameters on the performance of the wind turbine; Finally, a two-dimensional aerodynamic model of a vertical axis wind turbine is established based on a double-flow tube model. The model is programmed in MATLAB software to reduce the computational complexity. The model is verified by a 3-blade H-type wind turbine. The results show that the model is practical and effective for the design and power prediction of vertical axis wind turbines. Finally, the two-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for the example given above. First, the geometric model is drawn by using CAD software, and then the unstructured triangular mesh is used to discretize the wind turbine in CFD software. Finally, the flow field characteristics are analyzed by slip grid method in Fluent software. Through numerical simulation, the accuracy of the established mathematical model of two-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis wind turbine is further verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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本文編號(hào)：2369278