【摘要】：塑殼斷路器(MCCB)是一種負責接通、承載以及分斷正�；蚍钦�(短路電流)電流的一種低壓電器保護設備。當塑殼斷路器過載或者短路時,動、靜觸頭快速分離,觸頭之間產生的電弧隨著觸頭的分離而被拉長,在柵片的作用下電弧被分割成若干小短弧而趨向熄滅。然而,電弧具有極高的溫度,長時間反復的燃燒會破壞斷路器的開斷性能,嚴重損害了斷路器的電壽命,甚至會危及到整個電網的可靠運行。因此,研究塑殼斷路器觸頭的分斷特性以及電弧運動特性對于優(yōu)化塑殼斷路器滅弧系統(tǒng)具有重要的意義。本文圍繞塑殼斷路器觸頭分折特性及電弧的運動特性的研究主要包括以下內容：首先,基于激光位移傳感器建立了一套可以對塑殼斷路器分斷時刻觸頭分斷角速度、角位移進行非接觸式測量的試驗系統(tǒng)。利用所建立的試驗系統(tǒng)分別對NM1-630S-3300系列額定10A、16A、25A塑殼斷路器在12倍額定電流下觸頭分斷的動態(tài)特性進行測量,得出不同型號的斷路器其角位移是不同的。當額定電流增大時,觸頭平均角速度增大。第二,基于COMSOL Multiphysics有限元軟件建立了柵片滅弧室中面向不規(guī)則導體的電-磁耦合瞬態(tài)建模方法,通過該模型分別求解了柵片滅弧室的穩(wěn)態(tài)和瞬態(tài)響應過程。為對模型進行驗證,建立了一套可以對柵片滅弧室滅弧效率直接進行測量和評估的測試系統(tǒng),通過數控瞬時恒流源提供激勵電流,利用不同空間位置分布的霍爾芯片,對斷路器滅弧室內的磁感應強度進行直接測量,并對其滅弧效率進行計算。試驗結果顯示所建立的耦合模型可以較好預測柵片滅弧室中的磁通密度大小及其分布。在此基礎上研究了不同磁導率和電導率對于滅弧室效率的影響。仿真結果表明,柵片滅弧效率隨著柵片磁導率的增大而增加。進一步提高柵片的磁導率,其滅弧效率趨近飽和。當電導率處于較小值時,對柵片滅弧室的效率影響較��；進一步增大冊片的電導率,其滅弧效率將會降低。提高滅弧柵片的電導率可以減小滅弧室內吹弧磁場和磁吹弧力的瞬態(tài)響應峰值,增大其瞬態(tài)響應時司。最后,基于Comsol Multiphysics有限元軟件建立一套可以實現流場、電磁場、溫度場耦合計算的靜態(tài)電弧仿真模型�；诟咚贁z像機、短路實驗系統(tǒng)、數據采集系統(tǒng)建立一套可以記錄電弧從產生到熄滅的試驗系統(tǒng)。從而可以從試驗和仿真的方法研究電弧運動的動態(tài)特性,為滅弧室的優(yōu)化設計提供試驗、理論依據。本文利用所建立的試驗系統(tǒng)和仿真系統(tǒng)研究塑殼斷路器分斷時刻觸頭分斷的動態(tài)特性以及分斷時刻靜態(tài)電弧特性,并且得到相關的結果,對塑殼斷路器滅弧系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設計具有一定的指導價值。
[Abstract]:Plastic case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) is a low voltage electrical protection device which is responsible for switching on, carrying and breaking normal or abnormal (short circuit current) current. When the plastic case circuit breaker is overload or short circuit, the dynamic and static contacts are separated rapidly, the arc produced between the contacts is elongated with the separation of the contacts, and the arc is divided into several short arcs and tends to be extinguished under the action of the grid. However, the arc has a very high temperature, long time repeated combustion will destroy the breaker's breaking performance, seriously damage the circuit breaker's electrical life, and even endanger the whole power grid reliable operation. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the breaking characteristics and arc motion characteristics of the contact of the molded case circuit breaker for optimizing the arc extinguishing system of the plastic case circuit breaker. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, based on the laser displacement sensor, a set of angular velocities can be established to break the contact at break time of the plastic case circuit breaker. An experimental system for non-contact measurement of angular displacement. By using the test system established, the dynamic characteristics of the contact breaking of the NM1-630S-3300 series of rated 10A / 16A / 25A plastic case circuit breakers under 12 times rated current are measured, and it is concluded that the angular displacement of different types of circuit breakers is different. When the rated current increases, the average angular velocity of the contact increases. Secondly, based on the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software, an electric-magnetic coupling transient modeling method for irregular conductors in a grid interrupter is established. The steady-state and transient response processes of the gate interrupter are solved by the model. In order to verify the model, a testing system is established to measure and evaluate the arc-extinguishing efficiency of the grid interrupter directly. The excitation current is provided by the numerical control instantaneous constant current source, and the Hall chip with different spatial distribution is used. The magnetic induction intensity in the arc extinguishing chamber of circuit breaker is measured directly and the arc extinguishing efficiency is calculated. The experimental results show that the coupling model can be used to predict the flux density and its distribution in the grid interrupter. On this basis, the effects of different permeability and conductivity on the efficiency of the interrupter are studied. The simulation results show that the arc extinguishing efficiency increases with the increase of the permeability. Further increasing the permeability of the gate strip, the arc extinguishing efficiency is approaching saturation. When the conductivity is small, the efficiency of the gate interrupter will be less affected, and the arc extinguishing efficiency will be decreased when the conductivity of the sheet is increased. Increasing the electrical conductivity of the arc extinguishing gate can reduce the transient response peak of the arc blowing magnetic field and the magnetic arc blowing force in the interrupter and increase the transient response time of the arc extinguishing gate. Finally, based on Comsol Multiphysics finite element software, a set of static arc simulation model is established, which can realize the coupling calculation of flow field, electromagnetic field and temperature field. Based on high speed camera, short circuit experiment system and data acquisition system, a set of test system can record arc from generation to extinction. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of arc motion can be studied from the methods of experiment and simulation, and the theoretical basis for the optimum design of the interrupter can be provided. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics and static arc characteristics of the contact at break time of the molded case circuit breaker are studied by using the established test system and simulation system, and the relevant results are obtained. It has certain guiding value for the optimum design of arc extinguishing system of molded case circuit breaker.
【學位授予單位】：溫州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM561

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