【摘要】：太陽能是一種綠色無污染、可持續(xù)使用的能源,將其作為日常生活中的主要能源并替代化石能源是一種發(fā)展趨勢。然而由于太陽方位從早到晚都是變化的以及陰云天氣容易遮擋太陽,這不僅導致了太陽能的利用效率低,而且也限制了太陽能的發(fā)展。因此,為了加大對太陽能的開發(fā)、應(yīng)用的步伐,本文設(shè)計了太陽能光纖照明系統(tǒng),其不僅系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,而且可廣泛用于太陽光無法直接照射的地方,如地鐵、地下停車庫等場所。同時該系統(tǒng)還能濾除太陽光線中對人體有害的射線以及幫助人類實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。 論文首先建立了基于卡塞格林結(jié)構(gòu)的聚光裝置的模型,分析討論了該聚光裝置的匯聚特性,并且根據(jù)傳光光纖正常工作時所能承受的溫度和旋轉(zhuǎn)拋物面鏡焦平面溫度經(jīng)驗計算公式計算出該聚光裝置的具體尺寸。其次根據(jù)匯聚光束對光纖耦合的要求以及基于卡塞格林結(jié)構(gòu)的聚光裝置對太陽光的匯聚特性而設(shè)計了適合本系統(tǒng)專用的太陽光耦合裝置。此外根據(jù)光路系統(tǒng)的傳光條件和技術(shù)要求,設(shè)計了二維結(jié)構(gòu)的機械聚光平臺。該機械結(jié)構(gòu)聚光平臺將在自動跟蹤裝置的帶動下,對太陽方為進行追蹤,使得聚光裝置的采光面能夠正對太陽。 系統(tǒng)采用單片機作為太陽光自動跟蹤裝置的控制器,并且設(shè)計了由光敏三極管組成的信號采集電路將太陽光光線強度的變化轉(zhuǎn)化為電壓信號,然后經(jīng)過A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的作用而轉(zhuǎn)換為能夠被單片機識別的數(shù)字信號。單片機根據(jù)該數(shù)字信號以及軟件編程的要求,通過控制步進電機的驅(qū)動電路而控制水平方向和豎直方向上的步進電機的轉(zhuǎn)動,從而實現(xiàn)對太陽方位的精確追蹤。此外該自動跟蹤裝置除了跟蹤模式以外,還有復(fù)位模式、原處等待模式,從而能夠抵抗陰云天氣的干擾,反應(yīng)速度快、能耗低以及成本低。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is a kind of green, pollution-free and sustainable energy. It is a development trend to take solar energy as the main energy in daily life and to replace fossil energy. However, because the position of the sun changes from morning to night and the cloudy weather is easy to block the sun, this not only leads to the low efficiency of solar energy utilization, but also limits the development of solar energy. Therefore, in order to increase the pace of development and application of solar energy, this paper designs a solar fiber lighting system, which not only has a simple structure, but also can be widely used in places where sunlight cannot be directly illuminated, such as subway. Underground parking garage and other places. The system can also filter harmful rays from the sun's rays and help people achieve sustainable development strategies. Firstly, the model of the condenser based on Cassegrain structure is established, and the convergent characteristics of the device are analyzed and discussed. Based on the empirical calculation formula of the temperature of optical fiber and the focal plane temperature of rotating parabolic mirror, the concrete size of the device is calculated. Secondly, according to the requirements of the optical fiber coupling of the convergent beam and the convergent characteristics of the concentrator based on the Cassegrain structure, a solar coupling device suitable for this system is designed. In addition, according to the light transmission conditions and technical requirements of the optical path system, a two-dimensional mechanical focusing platform is designed. Under the driving of automatic tracking device, the mechanical structure condensing platform will track the sun side, so that the lighting surface of the concentrator can be directly opposite the sun. The single chip microcomputer is used as the controller of the solar light automatic tracking device, and a signal acquisition circuit composed of Guang Min transistor is designed to convert the change of the solar light intensity into the voltage signal. Then the A / D converter is used to convert it into a digital signal that can be recognized by a single chip computer. According to the digital signal and the requirement of software programming, the single-chip microcomputer controls the rotation of the stepping motor in the horizontal and vertical direction by controlling the driving circuit of the stepping motor, thus realizing the accurate tracking of the sun azimuth. In addition, in addition to tracking mode, the automatic tracking device also has reset mode and original waiting mode, which can resist the interference of cloudy weather, high reaction speed, low energy consumption and low cost.
【學位授予單位】：安徽理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM923
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本文編號：2281780