【摘要】：近年來,隨著電網(wǎng)的不斷改造和發(fā)展,企業(yè)用電和家庭用電也在逐步優(yōu)化。當(dāng)前,工礦企業(yè)需要一款智能儀表,實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)電網(wǎng)中的電壓電流功率值,以保證生產(chǎn)過程中設(shè)備能夠可靠運(yùn)行。基于MODBUS協(xié)議的電力儀表監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)很好地解決了上述問題。該系統(tǒng)主要包括四個(gè)模塊—多功能儀表、自動(dòng)校準(zhǔn)軟件、PC上位機(jī)軟件、監(jiān)控主機(jī)。 多功能儀表基于ATmega32單片機(jī),采用ATT7022采樣芯片,可實(shí)時(shí)顯示電壓、電流、功率、電能、頻率以及功率因數(shù)。儀表有總線通訊功能,可單獨(dú)使用,也可與主機(jī)配合使用。 每臺(tái)儀表在出廠前都需要校準(zhǔn),傳統(tǒng)的校準(zhǔn)方法是采用人工校準(zhǔn),精度低、速度慢,自動(dòng)校準(zhǔn)軟件通過串口讀寫數(shù)據(jù),后臺(tái)計(jì)算,可使校準(zhǔn)速度提高十倍以上。該軟件采用分段校準(zhǔn),儀表的測(cè)量精度可達(dá)0.3級(jí)。 基于VC的上位機(jī)管理軟件是對(duì)多個(gè)下位機(jī)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行綜合管理。通過RS-485總線與下位機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交換,上位機(jī)軟件有實(shí)時(shí)顯示電參量、遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)置參數(shù)、電能清零等功能。 監(jiān)控主機(jī)基于PIC24單片機(jī),對(duì)多個(gè)下位機(jī)儀表進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控。當(dāng)任何一個(gè)儀表電壓電流或功率超限時(shí),監(jiān)控主機(jī)均會(huì)產(chǎn)生報(bào)警信號(hào),并將報(bào)警時(shí)間、報(bào)警源、報(bào)警內(nèi)容等信息永久記錄。自身電源故障或通訊故障時(shí),主機(jī)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的故障信號(hào),故障排除后,故障信號(hào)自動(dòng)消失。報(bào)警信號(hào)必須手動(dòng)切除或者復(fù)位。除了基本的報(bào)警和報(bào)故障功能外,監(jiān)控主機(jī)還集成了電費(fèi)復(fù)費(fèi)率及遠(yuǎn)程抄表功能,即電能分時(shí)累積,費(fèi)率手動(dòng)設(shè)置,電費(fèi)自動(dòng)結(jié)算,詳細(xì)信息打印。人機(jī)交互部分,監(jiān)控主機(jī)采用按鍵輸入,液晶屏和LED燈顯示,并有語音輸出。電源部分,有市電和備用電池兩部分,并可實(shí)現(xiàn)主備電自動(dòng)切換。 系統(tǒng)從原始數(shù)據(jù)采集到數(shù)據(jù)處理與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,再到數(shù)據(jù)輸出與統(tǒng)計(jì)記錄全部智能化、系統(tǒng)化,解決了采集難、誤差大、效率低等問題。電力儀表監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)不僅可以用于整個(gè)工廠或車間,也可以用于單個(gè)設(shè)備的測(cè)量和監(jiān)控。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous transformation and development of power grid, enterprise and household power consumption is gradually optimized. At present, industrial and mining enterprises need an intelligent instrument to monitor the power value of voltage and current in the power network in real time, so as to ensure the reliable operation of the equipment in the production process. The power instrument monitoring system based on MODBUS protocol solves the above problems well. The system consists of four modules: multi-function instrument, automatic calibration software, PC host computer software and monitor host computer. The multifunction instrument is based on ATmega32 single chip computer and ATT7022 sampling chip. It can display voltage, current, power, frequency and power factor in real time. The instrument has bus communication function, can be used separately, also can cooperate with the main machine. Each instrument needs to be calibrated before it leaves the factory. The traditional calibration method is manual calibration, which has low precision and slow speed. The automatic calibration software can read and write data through serial port, and the backstage calculation can increase the calibration speed by more than ten times. The software is calibrated by stages, and the measuring precision of the instrument can reach 0.3 grade. The upper computer management software based on VC is integrated management of multiple lower computer nodes. Through the data exchange between the RS-485 bus and the lower computer, the upper computer software has the functions of displaying the electric parameters in real time, setting the parameters remotely, clearing out the electric energy, and so on. The monitor host is based on PIC24 single-chip computer to monitor several lower computer instruments in real time. When the voltage, current or power of any instrument exceeds the limit, the monitor host will produce alarm signal, and record the alarm time, alarm source, alarm content and other information permanently. When the power supply fault or communication failure, the host will also produce the corresponding fault signal, after the fault elimination, the fault signal will disappear automatically. Alarm signals must be removed or reset manually. In addition to the basic alarm and fault reporting functions, the monitoring host also integrates the power rate recovery rate and remote meter reading function, that is, electricity time sharing accumulation, rate manual setting, electricity automatic settlement, detailed information printing. In the part of man-machine interaction, the monitoring host adopts keystroke input, LCD screen and LED lamp display, and has voice output. The power supply part has two parts of power supply and backup battery, and can realize the automatic switch of main and standby power. The system from raw data acquisition to data processing and data transmission, to data output and statistical records are all intelligent, systematic, to solve the problems of difficult acquisition, large error, low efficiency and so on. The power meter monitoring system can be used not only in the whole factory or workshop, but also in the measurement and monitoring of single equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM76

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