【摘要】：現(xiàn)代電力電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，極大地促進(jìn)了交流驅(qū)動技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，伴隨著各種脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，許多問題也日漸凸顯。由于逆變器主電路中的功率開關(guān)元件不是理想開關(guān)，為了防止同一上下功率管發(fā)生直通現(xiàn)象，必須在其驅(qū)動信號中設(shè)置一段死區(qū)時間。雖然死區(qū)時間很短，但是對于開關(guān)頻率較高的系統(tǒng)，死區(qū)時間將使逆變器輸出電壓電流波形發(fā)生很大畸變，進(jìn)而影響系統(tǒng)控制性能，，甚至導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定。因此為了改善死區(qū)效應(yīng)對逆變器性能帶來的影響，減少輸出波形中的諧波成分成為逆變器應(yīng)用研究的一個重要技術(shù)問題，有著實際的工業(yè)應(yīng)用意義。 本文首先分析了逆變器加入死區(qū)時間帶來的死區(qū)效應(yīng)，該效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致輸出電壓相位變化，低次諧波增加，并且在零電流區(qū)域發(fā)生零電流鉗位現(xiàn)象。進(jìn)行了死區(qū)電壓的傅里葉分析，驗證了死區(qū)電壓平均化考慮的合理性。針對不同調(diào)制方式下對死區(qū)效應(yīng)的影響進(jìn)行了理論分析并通過仿真驗證了單極性調(diào)制方式下輸出電流波形影響相對較小。 將現(xiàn)有的主要死區(qū)補(bǔ)償方法分為三類加以論述，即脈沖寬度直接調(diào)整法、平均電壓補(bǔ)償法和無效開關(guān)死區(qū)消除方法。通過仿真發(fā)現(xiàn)三種方法對死區(qū)效應(yīng)都有一定的抑制作用。在分析傳統(tǒng)逆變器死區(qū)補(bǔ)償方法仿真結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上，對各類方法適用于逆變器控制系統(tǒng)的情況進(jìn)行了比較與討論，并指出補(bǔ)償方法上的應(yīng)用特點與改進(jìn)方向。 在傳統(tǒng)無效開關(guān)死區(qū)消除方法的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了一種改進(jìn)型的無效開關(guān)死區(qū)消除電路，該電路通過反并聯(lián)二極管導(dǎo)通檢測方法完成了輸出電流過零區(qū)域的劃分，改善了死區(qū)效應(yīng)帶來的影響。相比于傳統(tǒng)的無效開關(guān)消除死區(qū)法，該方法既不影響逆變器在過零區(qū)域外輸出的動態(tài)性能，又延長功率管的使用壽命。更重要的是，能夠較為精確的劃分電流過零區(qū)域，更好地解決了死區(qū)效應(yīng)帶來的影響。 最后，研制了基于dsPIC30F4011單片機(jī)的單相逆變控制系統(tǒng)實驗平臺，詳細(xì)介紹了實驗平臺硬件和軟件設(shè)計。在該平臺上進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)型無效開關(guān)死區(qū)消除電路調(diào)試。實驗結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)輸出電流波形較補(bǔ)償前有很大的改善，驗證了該電路的有效性。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of modern power electronics technology has greatly promoted the progress of AC driving technology. Along with the emergence of various pulse width modulation technology, many problems have become increasingly prominent. Since the power switch element in the main circuit of the inverter is not an ideal switch, a dead time must be set in the driving signal in order to prevent the straight through of the same up-and-down power transistor. Although the dead-time is very short, for the system with high switching frequency, the dead-time will make the output voltage and current waveform of the inverter distorted greatly, which will affect the control performance of the system and even lead to the instability of the system. Therefore, in order to improve the effect of dead-time effect on the inverter performance, reducing the harmonic components in the output waveform has become an important technical problem in the inverter application research, which has practical industrial application significance. In this paper, the dead-time effect caused by adding dead time to inverter is analyzed, which results in the phase change of output voltage, the increase of low order harmonics and the occurrence of zero current clamping in the zero current region. Fourier analysis of dead-zone voltage is carried out to verify the rationality of the consideration of dead-zone voltage averaging. The influence of different modulation modes on the dead-time effect is theoretically analyzed and the simulation results show that the output current waveform under unipolar modulation mode is relatively small. The main dead-time compensation methods are divided into three categories: pulse width direct adjustment method, average voltage compensation method and dead zone elimination method of invalid switch. The simulation results show that the three methods can inhibit the dead zone effect to some extent. On the basis of analyzing the simulation results of traditional inverter dead-time compensation methods, the paper compares and discusses the application of various methods to inverter control system, and points out the application characteristics and improvement direction of compensation methods. Based on the traditional dead zone elimination method of invalid switch, an improved dead zone elimination circuit for invalid switch is proposed. The circuit divides the zero crossing region of output current by the method of reverse parallel diode conduction detection. The dead zone effect is improved. Compared with the traditional dead-time elimination method, this method does not affect the dynamic performance of the inverter output outside the zero-crossing area, but also prolongs the service life of the power transistor. More importantly, the zero-crossing area of current can be divided more accurately, which can better solve the effect of dead zone effect. Finally, the experimental platform of single-phase inverter control system based on dsPIC30F4011 microcontroller is developed, and the hardware and software design of the experimental platform is introduced in detail. The dead time elimination circuit of the improved invalid switch is debugged on the platform. The experimental results show that the output current waveform of the system is much better than that before compensation, and the validity of the circuit is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM464

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