【摘要】：LED作為一種新興照明光源,因其在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中不會(huì)產(chǎn)生污染,成品綠色環(huán)保,功耗遠(yuǎn)低于傳統(tǒng)高壓鈉燈,且使用壽命長(zhǎng)、電光轉(zhuǎn)換效率高,使得越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家開始關(guān)注它在照明領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展前景。在照明行業(yè)中,傳統(tǒng)燈具被LED所取代已成為一個(gè)必然趨勢(shì)。作為城市化建設(shè)的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容,良好的夜間道路照明條件也可以減少犯罪活動(dòng)出現(xiàn)的概率,并具有美化城市夜景的效果。將LED用于道路照明時(shí),由于其固有的光強(qiáng)度分布曲線無(wú)法直接滿足道路照明的要求,需要通過(guò)二次光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)改造原有的光強(qiáng)度分布曲線,形成所需的配光曲線,因此,如何最大化提高燈具的光效率以及選擇合適光強(qiáng)度分布形式即LED二次光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)成為道路照明的重要研究課題�，F(xiàn)階段國(guó)內(nèi)外用于道路照明的LED透鏡主要采用自由曲面透鏡的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,可分為“花生殼”透鏡和TIR(total internal reflection)透鏡兩種類型。但這兩種透鏡均存在厚度較大從而導(dǎo)致散熱性差的問(wèn)題,而且這一缺點(diǎn)因傳統(tǒng)透鏡的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)而無(wú)法克服。菲涅爾透鏡相比于傳統(tǒng)透鏡最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)是厚度薄、重量小、透光率高,但由于其保留了原透鏡的曲率半徑,因此可基本保持原光路不變。本課題立足于對(duì)用于LED道路照明的漸變菲涅爾透鏡設(shè)計(jì),論文內(nèi)容主要包括以下方面:1)介紹了LED的優(yōu)勢(shì)、分類方法及自由曲面透鏡的幾種設(shè)計(jì)方法,明確課題研究?jī)?nèi)容。研究了《城市道路照明設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(CJJ45-2006)的配光要求。在介紹非成像光學(xué)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了照明的相關(guān)概念、自由曲面光學(xué)器件的設(shè)計(jì)方法和路燈透鏡設(shè)計(jì)流程。2)確定所用LED光源的輻射特性,以及目標(biāo)照明面的照度要求,根據(jù)能量守恒定律將光源和目標(biāo)照明面進(jìn)行均勻的網(wǎng)格劃分,然后以邊緣光線理論以及Snell定理作為理論基礎(chǔ),列出反映自由曲面面型的偏微分方程,使用Matlab計(jì)算得到自由曲面的面型數(shù)據(jù)。3)構(gòu)建自由曲面透鏡模型,將面型數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入Solidworks中通過(guò)曲線放樣、曲面縫合以及鏡像等步驟,擬合出透鏡實(shí)體。在研究過(guò)程中,提出一種新的快速建模的方法。該方法是在Tracepro中,利用Scheme語(yǔ)言直接快速建模。分析比較了兩種建模方法的利弊。4)構(gòu)建漸變菲涅爾透鏡,建模出10個(gè)出光效果相同但大小不同的自由曲面透鏡,疊加后進(jìn)行切割,使其外表面呈現(xiàn)出菲涅爾面型,從而減小透鏡體積、增加散熱性能。通過(guò)光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)軟件Lighttools模擬分析結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)的漸變菲涅爾透鏡滿足道路照明要求,光照均勻性好(照度均勻度達(dá)68%),且透鏡厚度明顯變薄,解決了傳統(tǒng)自由曲面路燈透鏡散熱性能差的問(wèn)題,提高了LED的透光效率和使用壽命。經(jīng)過(guò)合理排布漸變菲涅爾透鏡,進(jìn)一步提高了光照均勻性(照度均勻度達(dá)95%)。
[Abstract]:LED as a new lighting source, because it will not produce pollution in the production process, the finished product is green and environmental protection, the power consumption is far lower than the traditional high-pressure sodium lamp, and the service life is long, the efficiency of electro-optic conversion is high. More and more countries begin to pay attention to its development prospects in the field of lighting. In the lighting industry, the replacement of traditional lamps by LED has become an inevitable trend. As an important part of urbanization construction, good night road lighting can also reduce the probability of criminal activities and beautify the city night scene. When LED is used in road lighting, because its inherent light intensity distribution curve can not directly meet the requirements of road lighting, it is necessary to transform the original light intensity distribution curve through quadratic optical design to form the required light distribution curve. How to maximize the light efficiency of lamps and choose a suitable light intensity distribution form, that is, the secondary optical design of LED, has become an important research topic of road lighting. At present, the LED lens used for road lighting at home and abroad mainly adopts the structural form of free-form curved lens, which can be divided into two types: "peanut shell" lens and TIR (total internal reflection) lens. However, these two kinds of lenses have the problem that the thickness of the two lenses is large, which leads to poor heat dissipation, and this shortcoming can not be overcome because of the structural characteristics of the traditional lenses. Compared with the traditional lens, Fresnel lens has the advantages of thin thickness, small weight and high transmittance, but because it retains the curvature radius of the original lens, it can basically keep the original light path unchanged. This paper is based on the design of the gradual Fresnel lens used for LED road lighting. The main contents of this paper include the following aspects: 1) introduce the advantages of LED, the classification method and several design methods of freeform curved lens, and clarify the research content of the subject. The light distribution requirements of Urban Road Lighting Design Standard (CJJ45-2006) are studied. On the basis of introducing the theory of non-imaging optics, this paper analyzes the related concepts of illumination, the design method of free-form surface optical device and the design flow chart of street lamp lens (.2) to determine the radiation characteristics of the LED light source used and the illumination requirements of the illumination surface of the target. According to the law of conservation of energy, the light source and the illumination surface of the target are divided into uniform meshes. Based on the theory of edge light and Snell's theorem, the partial differential equations reflecting the surface form of free surface are listed. The free-form surface lens model was constructed by Matlab. The surface data were imported into Solidworks to fit the lens entity through the steps of curve lofting, surface suture and mirror image. In the process of research, a new fast modeling method is proposed. This method is in Tracepro, using Scheme language directly and quickly modeling. The advantages and disadvantages of the two modeling methods are analyzed and compared. (4) A gradual Fresnel lens is constructed. Ten free-form surface lenses with the same luminous effect but different size are modeled, and then cut by superposition to make the outer surface of the lens appear Fresnel surface. Thus, the lens volume is reduced and the heat dissipation performance is increased. The simulation results of the optical design software Lighttools show that the designed Fresnel lens meets the road lighting requirements, has good illumination uniformity (the illumination uniformity reaches 68%), and the thickness of the lens is obviously thinned. The problem of heat dissipation of traditional freeform street lamp lens is solved, and the transmission efficiency and service life of LED are improved. The illumination uniformity (illumination uniformity is up to 95%) is further improved by reasonable arrangement of Fresnel lens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(西安光學(xué)精密機(jī)械研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM923.34;TU113.666

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