【摘要】：近年來,隨著科技的不斷進步,智能手機和平板電腦等便攜式電子產(chǎn)品逐漸成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪胁豢苫蛉钡囊徊糠�。而電源作為此類電子產(chǎn)品的動力中樞,其續(xù)航能力直接決定著電子產(chǎn)品的使用壽命。要提高電子產(chǎn)品的性能,節(jié)約能源,關(guān)鍵是要解決電源的性能問題。電源在目前主要分為線性電源和開關(guān)電源,由于開關(guān)電源具有功耗小、變換效率高等優(yōu)良性能,加上生產(chǎn)成本低,已經(jīng)逐漸取代了變換效率低、不利于節(jié)能環(huán)保的線性電源,并在電子行業(yè)得以廣泛使用。直流/直流(DC/DC)變換器作為開關(guān)電源領(lǐng)域的重要成員,能夠?qū)斎氲闹绷麟妷哼M行降壓、升壓、升降壓和極性反轉(zhuǎn)等靈活轉(zhuǎn)換。DC/DC變換器因功能強大而倍受追捧,被人們廣泛地應(yīng)用于各類便攜式電子產(chǎn)品中。傳統(tǒng)控制模式的DC/DC變換器可分為電流模式和電壓模式,兩種模式都采用誤差放大器和環(huán)路補償網(wǎng)絡(luò),這種做法會減小環(huán)路帶寬,影響系統(tǒng)的瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)。而恒定導通時間模式的電壓變換器不需要采用誤差放大器,把輸出電壓紋波信號作為PWM控制信號輸入到開環(huán)的環(huán)路比較器,因此相比傳統(tǒng)控制模式具有系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)簡單、瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)快的優(yōu)點。本文設(shè)計了一種采用恒定導通時間控制模式(COT)的降壓DC/DC變換器。該變換器存在電流連續(xù)導通(Continuous Conduction Mode,CCM)和電流非連續(xù)導通(Discontinuous Conduction Mode,DCM)兩種不同的工作模式供其根據(jù)負載電流的大小進行選擇,即重載時選擇CCM模式,輕載時則選擇DCM模式。該變換器的輸入電壓范圍寬,最低為4.2V,而最高可達16V;其輸出電壓由于可以使用外圍元件進行設(shè)置,范圍達到0.8V~13V,在重載狀態(tài)下變換效率最高達到95%以上,同時由于采用了恒定導通時間模式,在輕載狀態(tài)下變換效率也高于82%。芯片還集成了一系列保護電路,使其避免過壓、短路、過溫以及過流等問題,以達到安全工作的目的。本論文介紹開關(guān)電源的發(fā)展過程,介紹了DC/DC變換器的理論基礎(chǔ),就本文所設(shè)計DC/DC變換器的功能特點、系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)和系統(tǒng)整體性能進行了進一步的討論,后面重點討論二階溫度補償?shù)膸痘鶞孰娐�、二階溫度補償?shù)钠秒娏麟娐�、過溫保護電路幾個子模塊的分析與設(shè)計。使用Hspice等軟件對相應(yīng)電路進行仿真驗證,如果在0.6μm HVCD工藝基礎(chǔ)上子電路指標得以滿足,則進一步仿真驗證整體電路。從仿真結(jié)果可以看出,該變換器具有很好的瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)能力和較高的變換效率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of technology, portable electronic products such as smart phones and tablets have gradually become an indispensable part of people's daily life. As the power center of this kind of electronic products, the power supply has a direct impact on the service life of electronic products. To improve the performance of electronic products and save energy, the key is to solve the problem of power performance. At present, the power supply is mainly divided into linear power supply and switching power supply. Due to the good performance of switching power supply, such as low power consumption, high conversion efficiency and low production cost, it has gradually replaced the low conversion efficiency, which is not conducive to energy saving and environmental protection. And in the electronics industry can be widely used. As an important member in the field of switching power supply, DC / DC converters are popular for their powerful functions, such as lowering DC voltage, lowering voltage and reversing polarity, etc. It is widely used in portable electronic products. The conventional control mode of DC/DC converter can be divided into current mode and voltage mode. The error amplifier and loop compensation network are used in both modes, which can reduce the loop bandwidth and affect the transient response of the system. The constant on-time mode voltage converter does not need to use an error amplifier, and the output voltage ripple signal is input to the open-loop comparator as the PWM control signal. Therefore, compared with the traditional control mode, the system structure is simple. The advantage of fast transient response. In this paper, a step-down DC/DC converter with constant on-time control mode (COT) is designed. The converter has two different operating modes: current continuous on-on (Continuous Conduction Mode,CCM) and current discontinuous on-( Discontinuous Conduction Mode,DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode,DCM), which can be selected according to the magnitude of load current, that is, CCM mode is chosen when heavy load is loaded and DCM mode is selected when light load is used. The input voltage range of the converter is wide, the lowest is 4.2 V, and the maximum is 16 V. the output voltage of the converter can be set by peripheral components, and the range reaches 0.8V ~ (13) V, and the conversion efficiency is up to 95% under heavy load. At the same time, the conversion efficiency under light load is higher than that of 822 because of the constant on-time mode. The chip also integrates a series of protective circuits to avoid the problems of overvoltage, short circuit, overtemperature and overcurrent, so as to achieve the purpose of safe operation. This paper introduces the development process of switching power supply, introduces the theoretical basis of DC/DC converter, and further discusses the functional characteristics, system architecture and overall performance of the DC/DC converter designed in this paper. The second order temperature compensation bandgap reference circuit, the second order temperature compensation bias current circuit, the over-temperature protection circuit several sub-modules analysis and design. The corresponding circuits are simulated and verified by using Hspice and other software. If the sub-circuit index is satisfied on the basis of 0.6 渭 m HVCD process, the whole circuit is further simulated and verified. The simulation results show that the converter has good transient response ability and high conversion efficiency.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM46

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