【摘要】：角度控制是工業(yè)控制中常見的一種控制方式。角度控制一般大都采用步進電機作為控制對象,而控制器件也大都采用微型計算機或者數(shù)字信號處理器即DSP,但是步進電機的功率容量受到限制,微處理器和DSP也對環(huán)境有特殊要求,這對于在遠離城市和野外操作的石油開采鉆井造成一定的困難,而鉆井又是石油開采中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。能否采用驅(qū)動容量不受限制的普通異步電動機作為控制對象,采用可靠性高和工作環(huán)境要求低的可編程序控制器即PLC作為控制手段實現(xiàn)精確角度控制,一直是人們追求的目標。本文通過實際科研項目,對基于PLC實現(xiàn)的三相異步電動機精確角度控制系統(tǒng)進行了研究,取得了較好的效果。 首先,介紹了三相異步電機的動態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)模型,以及坐標變換原理。針對異步電動機具有非線性、強耦合、多變量的特性,采用高動態(tài)調(diào)速性能的矢量控制技術(shù),并詳細介紹了矢量控制原理以及該控制技術(shù)需要用到的電壓空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)(SVPWM)。同時利用矢量控制技術(shù)設(shè)計了一種基于模糊控制的異步電機精確角度控制系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)電機旋轉(zhuǎn)角度的精確控制。 其次,利用MATLAB/Simulink軟件對系統(tǒng)進行建模與仿真,根據(jù)三相異步電動機的數(shù)學(xué)模型和矢量控制技術(shù)以及模糊控制的理論知識,對系統(tǒng)的各個部分進行建模仿真,并進行大量的仿真實驗。通過仿真分析論證控制算法的可行性及正確性,為搭建硬件平臺做出理論依據(jù)。 最后,搭建了由西門子S7-315型號的PLC以及西門子S120驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的精確角度控制系統(tǒng)。其中PLC通過PROFIBUS-DP,總線與S120實現(xiàn)通訊功能,利用STEP7軟件對系統(tǒng)硬件進行組態(tài),并對S120驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)進行參數(shù)配置以及編寫整個系統(tǒng)的程序。通過對實驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析,達到了預(yù)期的要求。
[Abstract]:Angle control is a common control method in industrial control. The angle control usually uses stepping motor as the control object, and the controller also mostly uses microcomputer or digital signal processor (DSP,), but the power capacity of step motor is limited. Microprocessors and DSP also have special requirements for the environment, which makes it difficult for oil drilling which is far from city and field operation, and drilling is an important link in oil production. Whether we can use ordinary asynchronous motor with unlimited driving capacity as control object, and use programmable controller (PLC), which has high reliability and low requirement of working environment, as control means to realize precise angle control, has always been the goal that people pursue. In this paper, the precise angle control system of three-phase asynchronous motor based on PLC is studied, and good results are obtained. Firstly, the dynamic mathematical model of three-phase asynchronous motor and the principle of coordinate transformation are introduced. In view of the nonlinear, strong coupling and multivariable characteristics of asynchronous motor, the vector control technology with high dynamic speed regulation performance is adopted. The principle of vector control and the voltage space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM).) technique are introduced in detail. At the same time, an accurate angle control system of asynchronous motor based on fuzzy control is designed by using vector control technology to realize the precise control of motor rotation angle. Secondly, MATLAB/Simulink software is used to model and simulate the system. According to the mathematical model and vector control technology of three-phase asynchronous motor and the theory knowledge of fuzzy control, every part of the system is modeled and simulated. And a large number of simulation experiments are carried out. The feasibility and correctness of the control algorithm are demonstrated by simulation analysis, and the theoretical basis for building the hardware platform is made. Finally, a precise angle control system composed of Siemens S7-315 PLC and Siemens S120 drive system is built. The communication function between S120 and PLC is realized through PROFIBUS-DP, bus. The hardware of the system is configured by STEP7 software. The parameters of S120 drive system are configured and the whole system program is written. Through the analysis of the experimental data, the expected requirements have been achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM343.2;TP273

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