【摘要】：無刷直流電機以稀土作為材料,具有體積小、可靠性高、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、維護方便等優(yōu)點。由于無刷直流電機用電子換相代替了有刷直流電機的機械換相,因而具有有刷直流電機運行效率高、調(diào)速性能好等諸多優(yōu)點。近年來,由于其優(yōu)良的特性,無刷直流電機被廣泛用于航空航天、汽車電子、家用電器、健身器材等很多領(lǐng)域。無刷直流電機位置傳感器無法用于一些惡劣環(huán)境,會導致系統(tǒng)可靠性降低,同時位置傳感器也增加了無刷直流電機的體積和成本,所以自上世紀90年代以來無刷直流電機無位置傳感器控制成為業(yè)內(nèi)的重要研究方向。本文首先介紹了永磁無刷直流電機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與應(yīng)用前景。然后介紹了無刷直流電機系統(tǒng)的基本組成。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了無刷直流電機的運行原理并建立了相關(guān)的數(shù)學模型。結(jié)合simulink內(nèi)的無刷直流控制系統(tǒng)模型,進行了仿真實驗,為后續(xù)工作提供了理論支持。接下來,結(jié)合本人攻讀碩士學位期間參與的實際項目,本文采用永磁無刷直流電機一種無需編程的控制策略,即利用BLDCM專用控制芯片的簡易正弦波控制。在利用專用控制芯片的簡易正弦波控制下,詳述了專用控制芯片的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)、引腳功能以及控制原理。在完成了硬件電路的設(shè)計與調(diào)試之后,進行了不同強度負載情況下超前導通角的調(diào)節(jié),利用測功機系統(tǒng)測試不同超前導通角運行時控制器的效率,從而選擇合適的超前導通角,達到項目要求。在調(diào)試過程中,還遇到了超前導通角無法調(diào)節(jié)的情況,本文在后面進行詳述,希望對進行相關(guān)項目研究的工作者有借鑒意義。其次,還是結(jié)合實際項目,介紹了方波驅(qū)動的無刷直流電機無位置傳感器控制策略,分析系統(tǒng)組成和運行原理,重點介紹了轉(zhuǎn)子位置信號獲取、“三段式”啟動和啟動模式與閉環(huán)模式切換三點關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。在分析三點關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,詳述了控制器硬件電路結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件控制算法。在完成軟硬件設(shè)計后,用樣機進行實驗,進而分析實驗結(jié)果,驗證了設(shè)計的正確性。再將實驗結(jié)果和有位置傳感器控制進行對比,驗證無位置傳感器控制的帶負載啟動能力和正常運行時的效率等問題。最后對全文做了總結(jié),指出了研究工作過程中遇到的困難和不足之處,并對下一步工作做了展望。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor with rare earth as material has the advantages of small volume, high reliability, simple structure and convenient maintenance. Because the brushless DC motor uses electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutation of brushless DC motor, it has many advantages, such as high running efficiency and good speed regulation performance of brushless DC motor. In recent years, brushless DC motor has been widely used in aerospace, automotive electronics, household appliances, fitness equipment and other fields due to its excellent characteristics. The position sensor of brushless DC motor can not be used in some bad environment, which will reduce the reliability of the system and increase the volume and cost of brushless DC motor. Since 1990's, position sensorless control of brushless DC motor has become an important research direction. This paper first introduces the development and application prospect of permanent magnet brushless DC motor. Then the basic composition of brushless DC motor system is introduced. On this basis, the operation principle of brushless DC motor is analyzed and the related mathematical model is established. Combined with the brushless DC control system model in simulink, the simulation experiment is carried out, which provides theoretical support for the follow-up work. Then, combining with the actual project that I participated in during my master's degree, this paper adopts a control strategy of permanent magnet brushless DC motor without programming, that is, using the simple sine wave control of BLDCM special control chip. Under the simple sine wave control using special control chip, the internal structure, pin function and control principle of special control chip are described in detail. After the hardware circuit is designed and debugged, the advance conduction angle is adjusted under different load intensity, and the efficiency of the controller is tested by dynamometer system when different leading conduction angles are running, so as to select the appropriate leading conduction angle. Meet project requirements. In the process of debugging, we also encounter the situation that the leading conduction angle can not be adjusted. Secondly, combining with the actual project, this paper introduces the sensorless control strategy of brushless DC motor driven by square wave, analyzes the system composition and operation principle, and emphasizes on the acquisition of rotor position signal. Three key technologies of three-stage start-up and close-loop mode switching. Based on the analysis of three key technologies, the hardware circuit structure and software control algorithm of the controller are described in detail. After the hardware and software design is finished, the experiment is carried out with the prototype, and the experimental results are analyzed to verify the correctness of the design. The experimental results are compared with those of the position-sensorless control to verify the load startup ability and the efficiency in normal operation of the sensorless control. Finally, the paper summarizes the whole paper, points out the difficulties and shortcomings in the research process, and looks forward to the next work.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM33

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本文編號：2237730