【摘要】：風(fēng)能是綠色能源,具有分布廣、可再生、無(wú)污染的特點(diǎn)。在風(fēng)力發(fā)電領(lǐng)域中,直驅(qū)永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組(D-PMSG WTGS)由于其運(yùn)行可靠性和控制靈活性,得到了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注,市場(chǎng)份額逐漸增加。本文針對(duì)采用超級(jí)電容器儲(chǔ)能的D-PMSG WTGS,對(duì)其故障穿越和功率平滑控制展開(kāi)研究,以期進(jìn)一步提高其運(yùn)行性能。首先,明確了研究的目的和意義,分析了世界能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu),分別闡述了現(xiàn)階段風(fēng)力發(fā)電和超級(jí)電容器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,綜述了D-PMSG WTGS的故障穿越和功率平滑控制的研究現(xiàn)狀。其次,給出了采用超級(jí)電容器的D-PMSG WTGS的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,推導(dǎo)了網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器和雙向Buck-Boost變換器的數(shù)學(xué)模型,包括了網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器和雙向Buck-Boost變換器的開(kāi)關(guān)函數(shù)模型以及雙向Buck-Boost變換器的狀態(tài)方程模型和傳遞函數(shù)模型。第三,針對(duì)電網(wǎng)故障和電網(wǎng)正常兩種狀況,提出D-PMSG WTGS中網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器和用于超級(jí)電容器存儲(chǔ)和釋放電能的雙向Buck-Boost變換器的協(xié)調(diào)控制策略。采用二階廣義積分器鎖相環(huán)(SOGI-PLL)檢測(cè)電網(wǎng)電壓,電網(wǎng)正常時(shí),網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器采用基于電壓前饋的直流電壓外環(huán)、電流內(nèi)環(huán)的電網(wǎng)電壓定向控制,雙向Buck-Boost變換器采用電流單閉環(huán)釋能控制;電網(wǎng)故障時(shí),網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器采用結(jié)合負(fù)序電壓前饋的功率外環(huán)、電流內(nèi)環(huán)控制,雙向Buck-Boost變換器采用直流電壓外環(huán)、電流內(nèi)環(huán)雙閉環(huán)控制。在Matlab/Simulink環(huán)境中進(jìn)行了仿真研究,仿真結(jié)果表明,所論協(xié)調(diào)控制策略可以提高D-PMSG WTGS的故障穿越能力。第四,對(duì)D-PMSG WTGS的功率平滑控制進(jìn)行研究。設(shè)計(jì)了“風(fēng)速功率模型”,用來(lái)模擬風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的出力隨風(fēng)速發(fā)生波動(dòng)的狀態(tài);為實(shí)現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)功率相對(duì)平滑,網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器采用電網(wǎng)電壓定向控制,雙向Buck-Boost變換器采用電流單閉環(huán)控制。其中,有功功率給定值由機(jī)側(cè)輸出功率及其平均值確定,并對(duì)比分析了數(shù)值平均法和低通濾波法獲得的功率平均值的效果。仿真結(jié)果表明,采用超級(jí)電容器可以補(bǔ)償D-PMSG WTGS的有功功率波動(dòng),使并網(wǎng)有功功率相對(duì)平滑、穩(wěn)定。最后,對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并就進(jìn)一步研究方向進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:Wind energy is a green energy, with the characteristics of wide distribution, renewable, no pollution. In the field of wind power generation, direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine (D-PMSG WTGS) has been paid more and more attention because of its reliability and control flexibility, and its market share has gradually increased. In this paper, the fault traversing and power smoothing control of D-PMSG WTGS, with supercapacitor energy storage is studied in order to improve its performance. Firstly, the purpose and significance of the research are clarified, the world energy consumption structure is analyzed, the current development of wind power generation and supercapacitor is described, and the research status of D-PMSG WTGS fault traversing and power smoothing control is summarized. Secondly, the topology of D-PMSG WTGS with supercapacitor is given. According to its structure and working principle, the mathematical models of grid-side converter and bi-directional Buck-Boost converter are derived. The switching function model of grid-side converter and bi-directional Buck-Boost converter, the state equation model and transfer function model of bi-directional Buck-Boost converter are included. Thirdly, a coordinated control strategy for grid-side converters in D-PMSG WTGS and bi-directional Buck-Boost converters for storing and releasing electric energy from supercapacitors is proposed. The second order Generalized Integrator Phase-Locked Loop (SOGI-PLL) is used to detect the grid voltage. When the power network is normal, the grid-side converter adopts DC voltage outer loop based on voltage feedforward and current inner loop. Two-way Buck-Boost converter is controlled by current single closed loop, power outer loop combined with negative sequence voltage feedforward is used in grid-side converter, and bi-directional Buck-Boost converter is controlled by DC voltage outer loop and current inner loop. The simulation results in Matlab/Simulink environment show that the proposed coordinated control strategy can improve the fault traversal capability of D-PMSG WTGS. Fourthly, the power smoothing control of D-PMSG WTGS is studied. The wind speed power model is designed to simulate the state of wind turbine output fluctuating with the wind speed. In order to realize the grid connection power is relatively smooth, the grid voltage oriented control is used in the grid-side converter. Two-way Buck-Boost converter is controlled by single-loop current. The given value of active power is determined by the output power and its average value, and the results of the average power obtained by numerical averaging method and low-pass filtering method are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the supercapacitor can compensate the active power fluctuation of D-PMSG WTGS and make the active power connected to the grid relatively smooth and stable. Finally, the paper summarizes the full text and prospects for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM315;TM53

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