【摘要】：隨著陸上風(fēng)電技術(shù)研究日漸成熟，我國海上風(fēng)電的發(fā)展已經(jīng)從理論階段進(jìn)入到工程應(yīng)用階段，潮間帶風(fēng)電場與近海風(fēng)電場建設(shè)所需的固定式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組已投入使用。海上風(fēng)力機(jī)運(yùn)行在非常復(fù)雜與惡劣的環(huán)境下，包括風(fēng)、波浪、海流、海冰、地震以及海水腐蝕等，面對(duì)如此惡劣的自然環(huán)境，提升風(fēng)力機(jī)抵抗外部環(huán)境破壞的能力顯得尤為重要。因此，本文以海上單樁式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組為研究對(duì)象，結(jié)合風(fēng)波聯(lián)合作用下風(fēng)力機(jī)的載荷特性，重點(diǎn)研究發(fā)電機(jī)故障時(shí)風(fēng)電機(jī)組的動(dòng)態(tài)特性，對(duì)保證風(fēng)力機(jī)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行具有重要意義，同時(shí)也為海上風(fēng)電機(jī)組結(jié)構(gòu)與控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 首先，介紹了國內(nèi)外風(fēng)力發(fā)電研究現(xiàn)狀以及風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)研究動(dòng)態(tài)，在當(dāng)今海上風(fēng)電發(fā)展大背景下，結(jié)合工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用提出本文研究課題。 其次，采用NREL海上單樁式5MW風(fēng)力機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)，基于FAST軟件建立風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組模型，包括葉片模型、支撐結(jié)構(gòu)模型、控制系統(tǒng)模型等，其他參數(shù)需要在主輸入文件中設(shè)置。 再次，考慮空氣動(dòng)力載荷、重力載荷、慣性力載荷以及波浪載荷的共同作用，研究湍流風(fēng)、隨機(jī)波聯(lián)合作用下風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。建立三維湍流風(fēng)場與計(jì)算波浪力，利用葉素-動(dòng)量理論計(jì)算葉片上的空氣動(dòng)力載荷并加載到葉片上，同時(shí)使用莫里森方程計(jì)算波浪力并加載到支撐結(jié)構(gòu)上。依據(jù)IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，研究了多工況下風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片與支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的載荷特性，分析風(fēng)波聯(lián)合作用對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片與塔筒的影響。 最后，，介紹了常見的發(fā)電機(jī)故障類型，建立發(fā)電機(jī)故障模型，在已有風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組模型的基礎(chǔ)上，研究發(fā)電機(jī)故障時(shí)風(fēng)電機(jī)組的動(dòng)態(tài)特性，并給出故障后不同控制條件下的仿真結(jié)果，通過對(duì)比分析為設(shè)計(jì)合理的控制策略提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the development of onshore wind power technology, the development of offshore wind power in China has moved from the theoretical stage to the engineering application stage, and the fixed wind turbines needed for the construction of intertidal wind farms and offshore wind farms have been put into use. Offshore wind turbines operate in very complex and harsh environments, including wind, waves, currents, sea ice, earthquakes and seawater corrosion. It is particularly important to enhance the wind turbine's ability to resist damage to the external environment. Therefore, this paper takes the offshore single-pile wind turbine as the research object, combined with the load characteristics of the wind turbine under the combined wind wave, focuses on the dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine when the generator is in trouble. It is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of wind turbine, and also provide scientific basis for the structure and control system design of offshore wind turbine. Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation of wind power research at home and abroad and the research trends of wind power technology. Under the background of the development of offshore wind power, combined with the practical application of engineering, this paper puts forward the research topic of this paper. Secondly, the wind turbine model, including blade model, support structure model, control system model, and other parameters need to be set up in the main input file based on NREL offshore single pile 5MW wind turbine data and based on FAST software. Thirdly, considering the combined action of aerodynamic load, gravity load, inertial force load and wave load, the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine under the combined action of turbulent wind and random wave are studied. Three-dimensional turbulent wind field and wave force are established. The aerodynamic load on the blade is calculated by the theory of leaf element momentum and loaded on the blade. The wave force is calculated by using Morrison equation and loaded on the supporting structure. According to IEC standard, the load characteristics of wind turbine blade and support structure under multi-working conditions are studied, and the influence of wind wave combined action on wind turbine blade and tower tube is analyzed. Finally, the common types of generator fault are introduced, and the generator fault model is established. Based on the existing wind turbine model, the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine are studied. The simulation results under different control conditions after failure are given, and a reference is provided for the design of reasonable control strategy through comparative analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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