【摘要】：表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)具有體積小、效率高、轉(zhuǎn)矩密度大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被廣泛應(yīng)用到眾多工程領(lǐng)域中，是一類極具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ墓?jié)能環(huán)保型電機(jī)。本文以表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)為研究對象，通過對電機(jī)磁場和電磁性能進(jìn)行解析建模，重點(diǎn)分析了設(shè)計參數(shù)對電機(jī)性能的影響機(jī)制，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對低速大轉(zhuǎn)矩永磁同步電機(jī)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計和分析。 磁場計算是進(jìn)行電機(jī)設(shè)計的重要步驟之一，也是分析永磁同步電機(jī)性能的基礎(chǔ)和前提。考慮到定子開槽后表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)的設(shè)計變量較多、變量間彼此耦合、難以直接獲得設(shè)計參數(shù)與性能之間的映射關(guān)系，本文將等效磁路法與磁位解析法相結(jié)合，提出一種求解表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)空載磁場簡化解析建模方法。該方法通過對氣隙磁路進(jìn)行近似，將定子齒槽效應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)子磁極分布分別考慮，降低了建模難度，簡化了表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)磁場計算過程，實(shí)現(xiàn)了定子齒槽效應(yīng)對氣隙與永磁體內(nèi)磁場分布以及反電勢和電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩的影響分析。 齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩是永磁同步電機(jī)研究的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。為了抑制表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩波動，本文采用輔助槽法對電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，結(jié)合子域模型法建立了含輔助槽的表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)氣隙磁場解析模型，，提出了一種普適性齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩解析計算方法，獲得了齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩隨輔助槽槽深、槽寬、槽數(shù)、槽位置等參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律，同時分析了輔助槽參數(shù)對電機(jī)電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩和反電勢波形的影響。該模型充分考慮了輔助槽與繞組槽以及轉(zhuǎn)子磁極間的耦合作用，可對任意分布的輔助槽永磁同步電機(jī)齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩進(jìn)行計算和分析，準(zhǔn)確度較高。 磁極是永磁同步電機(jī)的關(guān)鍵組成部分。針對含不等厚磁極的表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)磁極參數(shù)難確定的問題，本文采用離散思想和磁場疊加原理對傳統(tǒng)子域模型法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，建立含有不等厚磁極的表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)磁場、齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩、反電勢以及電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩解析模型，分析了不等厚磁極形狀參數(shù)對電磁性能的影響機(jī)制，并結(jié)合粒子群算法對電機(jī)的磁極形狀進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。該設(shè)計方案有效地改善了氣隙磁場分布、減小反電勢諧波、削弱電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩波動，提高了電機(jī)的整體性能。 基于上述理論分析，本文對一臺11kW低速大轉(zhuǎn)矩永磁同步電機(jī)進(jìn)行設(shè)計。通過對電機(jī)設(shè)計要求和工況特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，確定了電機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù)。利用計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計手段，對電機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)了電磁設(shè)計和有限元仿真，并進(jìn)行了機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和樣機(jī)加工，完成了基本實(shí)驗測試。
[Abstract]:The surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has the advantages of small size, high efficiency and high torque density. It is widely used in many engineering fields. It is a kind of energy-saving and environment-friendly motor with great potential for development. In this paper, the surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is taken as the research object. By analyzing the magnetic field and electromagnetic performance of the motor, the influence mechanism of the design parameters on the motor performance is analyzed. On this basis, the design and analysis of low speed and large torque permanent magnet synchronous motor are carried out. Magnetic field calculation is one of the important steps of motor design, and is also the basis and premise of analyzing the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Considering that the design variables of the stator slotted permanent magnet synchronous motor are many and the variables are coupled with each other, it is difficult to obtain the mapping relationship between the design parameters and the performance directly. In this paper, the equivalent magnetic circuit method is combined with the magnetic potential analysis method. A simplified analytical modeling method for solving the no-load magnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed. By approximating the air gap magnetic circuit, the stator slot effect and rotor magnetic pole distribution are considered separately, which reduces the difficulty of modeling and simplifies the magnetic field calculation process of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The effect of stator slot effect on magnetic field distribution, reverse EMF and electromagnetic torque in air gap and permanent magnet is analyzed. Grooving torque is the focus and difficulty of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) research. In order to restrain the torque ripple of tooth slot of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the auxiliary slot method is used to improve the structure of PMSM, and the analytical model of air-gap magnetic field of PMSM with auxiliary slot is established by using subdomain model method. In this paper, an analytical method for calculating the general slotting torque is presented, and the variation of the torque with the depth, width, number and position of the grooves is obtained. At the same time, the influence of auxiliary slot parameters on the electromagnetic torque and back EMF waveform of the motor is analyzed. The coupling effect between auxiliary slot winding slot and rotor pole is fully considered in this model. The tooth torque of auxiliary slot permanent magnet synchronous motor with arbitrary distribution can be calculated and analyzed with high accuracy. Pole is a key component of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Aiming at the difficulty of determining the magnetic pole parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor with different thickness magnetic poles, the traditional subdomain model method is improved by using discrete thought and magnetic field superposition principle. An analytical model of magnetic field, grooving torque, reverse EMF and electromagnetic torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor with different thickness magnetic poles is established, and the influence mechanism of the shape parameters of magnetic pole with unequal thickness on the electromagnetic performance is analyzed. And the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the pole shape of the motor. The design scheme can effectively improve the distribution of air gap magnetic field, reduce the back EMF harmonics, weaken the torque ripple of the motor, and improve the overall performance of the motor. Based on the above theoretical analysis, a 11kW low speed and large torque permanent magnet synchronous motor is designed. The basic structure and parameters of the motor are determined by analyzing the design requirements and operating conditions of the motor. The electromagnetic design and finite element simulation of the motor are realized by means of computer aided design, and the mechanical structure design and prototype machining are carried out, and the basic experimental tests are completed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM341

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