【摘要】：作為分布式電源的有效組織形式和大電網(wǎng)的有力補充,微網(wǎng)已成為世界各國智能電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展方向之一。研究微網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟運行優(yōu)化模型、調(diào)度模式和算法,合理地安排微網(wǎng)內(nèi)部微電源的工作狀態(tài)和對負荷進行管理,可以節(jié)省微網(wǎng)的運行成本和減少污染物的排放。本文采用集中分層控制的思想,在對分布式電源特性研究的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了微網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟運行的多目標非線性混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型。該模型以運行成本最小、污染物排放最少為目標,考慮了儲能單元電量和充放電功率限制、微電源最大爬坡率限制、微電源最小啟停時間限制等多種約束條件,同時,該模型將微電源的啟停狀態(tài)作為決策變量,從而更加合理地描述微電源的狀態(tài),也使該模型成為一個混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型。針對微網(wǎng)的調(diào)度模式,分析了微網(wǎng)的并網(wǎng)運行模式、帶可控負荷縮減策略的孤網(wǎng)運行模式、微電源的優(yōu)先調(diào)度模式及電價策略,提出了保留一定儲能單元電量以增強系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的電量保留模式及其實現(xiàn)方法。由于微電源最大爬坡率、最小啟停時間以及儲能單元電量的限制,使得相鄰時間斷面的優(yōu)化具有很強的耦合性,本文對此提出了有效的處理辦法,使微網(wǎng)的調(diào)度由動態(tài)調(diào)度轉(zhuǎn)化為靜態(tài)調(diào)度。針對微網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟運行多目標優(yōu)化模型所具有的非線性、混合整數(shù)特征,提出了基于ε-約束法和基于NSGA-Ⅱ的兩種求解方法。在基于ε-約束法的求解中,針對問題的混合整數(shù)和非線性特征,結(jié)合分支定界法和內(nèi)點法對子問題進行求解,提出了將部分等式約束轉(zhuǎn)化為處理過程的方法,減少了約束的數(shù)量。進一步采用兩種改進的ε序列產(chǎn)生方法,增強了ε-約束法獲得的Pareto最優(yōu)解集的均勻性。在基于NSGA-Ⅱ的求解中,采用分段函數(shù)的方式構(gòu)建評價函數(shù),用以處理模型中的不等式約束條件,并通過等價轉(zhuǎn)化的方式去除了模型中的等式約束,提高了求解效率。為了提高初始種群的多樣性,提出了基于隨機方法的種群初始化和基于ε-約束法的種群初始化方法。本文給出了兩種Pareto最優(yōu)解集決策方法,從獲得的Pareto最優(yōu)解集中挑選出一個滿意解,作為微網(wǎng)單元級控制器MC和LC的設(shè)定值。最后,以一個典型的微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)為例,對本文所提出的微網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟運行多目標優(yōu)化模型及其求解算法進行驗證,并分析了滿意解的決策方式對微網(wǎng)運行的影響。優(yōu)化的結(jié)果表明,本文提出的多目標求解方法是有效的,動態(tài)調(diào)度處理方法是合理的。
[Abstract]:As an effective organizational form of distributed generation and a powerful complement to large power grid, micro-grid has become one of the development directions of smart grid in the world. Researching the economic operation optimization model, dispatching mode and algorithm of micro-grid, reasonably arranging the working state of micro-grid and managing the load can save the operation of micro-grid. In this paper, a multi-objective nonlinear mixed integer programming model for the economic operation of micro-grid is established based on the study of the characteristics of distributed generation by using the idea of centralized hierarchical control. At the same time, the start-stop state of micro-power supply is taken as a decision variable to describe the state of micro-power supply more reasonably, which makes the model a mixed integer programming model. Grid-connected operation mode, isolated operation mode with controllable load reduction strategy, priority dispatching mode of micro-power supply and electricity price strategy are proposed. The power reserve mode and its implementation method are put forward, in which a certain amount of energy storage unit is reserved to enhance the stability of the system. In view of the nonlinear and mixed integer characteristics of the multi-objective optimization model for the economic operation of micro-grid, two kinds of solutions based on the epsilon-constraint method and NSGA-II are proposed. In the solution based on the epsilon-constrained method, considering the mixed integer and nonlinear characteristics of the problem, the branch-and-bound method and the interior point method are combined to solve the sub-problem. A method of transforming partial equality constraints into processing procedures is proposed to reduce the number of constraints. In the solution based on NSGA-II, the evaluation function is constructed by means of piecewise function to deal with the inequality constraints in the model, and the equality constraints in the model are removed by means of equivalent transformation to improve the efficiency of the solution. In this paper, two Pareto optimal solution set decision-making methods are given. A satisfactory solution is selected from the Pareto optimal solution set, which is used as the settings of MC and LC. Finally, a typical micro-grid system is taken as an example. The multi-objective optimization model for economic operation of micro-grid and its solving algorithm are validated, and the influence of the decision-making mode of the satisfactory solution on the operation of micro-grid is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM732

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