【摘要】：超級(jí)電容器是一種具有高功率密度、高能量密度、高充放電效率、良好的可逆性、長(zhǎng)循環(huán)壽命及無污染等特點(diǎn)的新型儲(chǔ)能元件。氫氧化鎳具有非常高的理論比容量,價(jià)格也很低廉,是一種非常有前景的電極材料,但氫氧化鎳的電子導(dǎo)電性差,循環(huán)性能不佳,本文采用原位生長(zhǎng)法,利用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等物理表征手段,結(jié)合循環(huán)伏安、交流阻抗、恒電流充放電等電化學(xué)性能測(cè)試,系統(tǒng)研究了添加Co元素和表面活性劑對(duì)材料的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)和電化學(xué)性能產(chǎn)生的影響,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)材料的改性研究。制備的Co_xNi_(1-x)(OH)_2(x=0.05,0.10, 0.15和0.20)復(fù)合物電極為純相,且晶型沒有改變,隨著Co元素含量的增加,材料的結(jié)晶度變差。Co_xNi_(1-x)(OH)_2(x=0.05, 0.10,0.15和0.20)的形貌與β-Ni(OH)_2的球形結(jié)構(gòu)不同,但仍為片狀結(jié)構(gòu)。EDS分析表明復(fù)合物中鈷鎳的實(shí)際含量與原溶液中的物料配比相一致,且鈷鎳元素分布均勻。隨著Co含量的增加,而復(fù)合物材料的比容量值出現(xiàn)了先增大后減小的現(xiàn)象,Co_(0.15)Ni_(0.85)(OH)_2的比容量值最大為1464.7 F·g-1,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于β-Ni(OH)_2電極的1030.2 F·g-1。當(dāng)放電電流密度從1 A·g-1增加為6 A·g-1時(shí),β-Ni(OH)_2電極的比容量保持率僅為37.5%,而Co_(0.15)Ni_(0.85)(OH)_2的比容量保持率為73.9%,并且循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性得到很大提高,循環(huán)500圈后,比容量保持率在86%以上。通過在生長(zhǎng)溶液中添加表面活性劑SDBS、CTAB、PVP,來研究不同表面活性劑對(duì)材料的物理性能和電化學(xué)性能的影響,加入CTAB的β-Ni(OH)_2電極顯示出良好的電化學(xué)可逆性和高的比容量,因而對(duì)CTAB進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。通過在生長(zhǎng)溶液中添加表面活性劑CTAB,來研究表面活性劑的添加量對(duì)材料的物理性能和電化學(xué)性能的影響,得到最佳添加量。當(dāng)CTAB的添加量為0.03 g樣品的納米片最薄,且納米片間有很大的空隙,利于電解液的滲入,當(dāng)放電電流密度為1 A·g-1、2A·g-1、4A·g-1、6A·g-1 時(shí),該樣品產(chǎn)生的比容量依次為 1540.7 F·g-1 1365.8 F·g-1、1167.5 F·g-1 1019.4 F·g-1,500圈的循環(huán)測(cè)試后比容量保持率在77%以上。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage element with high power density, high energy density, high charge and discharge efficiency, good reversibility, long cycle life and no pollution. Nickel hydroxide has a very high theoretical specific capacity and low price. It is a promising electrode material, but its electronic conductivity is poor and its cycling performance is poor. In this paper, the in-situ growth method is used. The effects of adding Co elements and surfactants on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the materials were systematically studied by means of physical characterization such as XRD,SEM,EDS,TEM, cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance, constant current charge-discharge and so on. Thus, the modification of materials was studied. The Co_xNi_ (1-x) (OH) _ (0.05) 0.10,0.15 and 0.20) composite electrodes prepared were pure phase, and the crystal form remained unchanged. With the increase of the content of Co elements, the crystallinity of the Co_xNi_ (1-x) (OH) _ (1-x) (OH) _ 2 (x0. 05, 0. 10 ~ 0. 15 and 0. 20) was different from the spherical structure of 尾 -Ni (OH) 2. However, the results of EDS analysis show that the actual content of cobalt and nickel in the complex is consistent with that in the original solution, and the distribution of cobalt and nickel elements is uniform. With the increase of Co content, the specific capacity of the composite material increases first and then decreases. The maximum specific capacity of Co0.15 Ni_ (0.85) (OH) _ 2) is 1464.7 F g-1, which is much higher than that of 尾 -Ni (OH) 2 electrode (1030.2 F g-1). When the discharge current density was increased from 1 A g ~ (-1) to 6 A g ~ (-1), the specific capacity retention rate of 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode was only 37.5%, while that of Co_ (0.15) Ni_ (0.85) (OH) _ 2 was 73.9%, and the cycle stability was greatly improved. The specific capacity retention rate of 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode was over 86% after 500 cycles. The effects of different surfactants on the physical and electrochemical properties of the materials were studied by adding surfactant SDBS,CTAB,PVP, in the growth solution. The 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode added with CTAB showed good electrochemical reversibility and high specific capacity. Therefore, further research on CTAB is carried out. By adding surfactant CTAB, to the growth solution, the influence of the amount of surfactant on the physical and electrochemical properties of the material was studied, and the optimum addition amount was obtained. When the amount of CTAB was 0.03 g, the nanocrystalline was the thinnest, and there was a large gap between the nanoparticles, which was favorable for the electrolyte infiltration, and when the discharge current density was 1 Ag-1, 2A g-1, 4A, g-1, 6Ag-1, and when the discharge current density was 1 Ag-1, 2A g-1, 4A, g-1, 6Ag-1, The specific capacity of the sample was 1540.7 F g -1 1365.8 F g -1, 1167.5 F g -1 1019.4 F g 1500 cycles, and the specific capacity retention was over 77%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM53;TQ138.13

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 胡毅;陳軒恕;杜硯;尹婷;;超級(jí)電容器的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展[J];電力設(shè)備;2008年01期

2 蘇宇紅;吳海龍;;Co-Zn復(fù)合摻雜納米氫氧化鎳的制備及性能[J];廣東化工;2006年04期

3 張治安,鄧梅根,胡永達(dá),楊邦朝;電化學(xué)電容器的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用[J];電子元件與材料;2003年11期

4 劉獻(xiàn)明,張校剛,王永剛,包淑娟;超級(jí)電容器復(fù)合材料MnO_2/活性炭的研究[J];功能材料;2003年05期

5 劉勝峰,吳春艷,韓效釗;高分子網(wǎng)絡(luò)法制備納米NiO超細(xì)粉的研究[J];無機(jī)化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2003年06期

6 劉長(zhǎng)久,葉乃清,韋鴻會(huì);固相反應(yīng)法制備氫氧化鎳和氧化鎳超微粉[J];桂林工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2001年02期

7 霍雅勤;化石能源的環(huán)境影響及其政策選擇[J];中國(guó)能源;2000年05期

8 原鮮霞,王蔭東,詹鋒;鈷的添加形式對(duì)氫氧化鎳電極性能的影響[J];電化學(xué);2000年01期

9 施爾畏，夏長(zhǎng)泰，王步國(guó)，仲維卓;水熱法的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展[J];無機(jī)材料學(xué)報(bào);1996年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 孟繁慧;基于新型納米結(jié)構(gòu)超級(jí)電容器材料的研究[D];山東大學(xué);2013年

2 侯朝輝;高比表面積中孔炭材料的制備及其雙電層電容性能研究[D];中南大學(xué);2004年

3 黃小文;電化學(xué)電容器及鋰離子電池正極材料的研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2002年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 夏新輝;氫氧化鎳正極材料的合成及其添加劑研究[D];浙江工業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

2 莊凱;超級(jí)電容器電極材料的研究[D];西華大學(xué);2006年

，

本文編號(hào)：2199980