【摘要】：風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組是靠風(fēng)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)吸取風(fēng)能的,將氣流動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)為機(jī)械能,再轉(zhuǎn)化為電能輸送到電網(wǎng)。塔筒是風(fēng)電機(jī)組中的主要支撐部件,是具有薄殼型筒狀的高聳結(jié)構(gòu),它長(zhǎng)期處于自然大氣環(huán)境中,受大氣湍流、風(fēng)剪切、風(fēng)向變化和塔影效應(yīng)制約,這使塔筒受到非常復(fù)雜的氣動(dòng)載荷的作用,對(duì)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的氣動(dòng)性能和使用壽命產(chǎn)生很大的影響。為了確保風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組安全、可靠、有效地運(yùn)行,避免事故的發(fā)生,在風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,需要對(duì)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組塔筒所受載荷進(jìn)行分析,從而對(duì)塔筒結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行安全優(yōu)化和性能改進(jìn),特別是對(duì)于大、中型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組,其意義重大。本文以某型號(hào)2MW風(fēng)電機(jī)組為例,利用GH-Bladed軟件構(gòu)建風(fēng)電機(jī)組穩(wěn)態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)下的力學(xué)模型,并進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算。基于空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)和結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)知識(shí),借助IEC和GL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件,對(duì)塔筒的載荷進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析和驗(yàn)證。論文的主要工作如下：(1)建立風(fēng)電機(jī)組坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng),深入研究機(jī)組各種載荷的傳遞方式與簡(jiǎn)化方法。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)載荷特性,最終總結(jié)塔筒所受六種載荷：塔頂氣動(dòng)載荷、輪轂扭矩、塔身風(fēng)載荷、機(jī)頭偏心引起的彎矩,機(jī)頭重力載荷,塔架重力載荷。將這些載荷沿三坐標(biāo)軸方向進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化,計(jì)算其當(dāng)量集中力(力矩)大小。(2)風(fēng)電機(jī)組的穩(wěn)態(tài)性能分析中,主要研究影響發(fā)電功率的影響因子。在變槳式風(fēng)電機(jī)組中,影響發(fā)電功率的主要因素是葉尖速比和槳距角。通過(guò)控制系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)槳距角的大小來(lái)改變?nèi)~尖速比,尋求其最佳值,使發(fā)電功率值趨優(yōu)。(3)對(duì)塔筒的四個(gè)主要截面的極限載荷進(jìn)行分析,確定四個(gè)截面處彎矩的變化規(guī)律。隨著風(fēng)況的不同,機(jī)艙各部件受力狀態(tài)發(fā)生變化,塔筒各截面彎矩的大小和最大彎矩截面也會(huì)發(fā)生變化。另外,特別關(guān)注振動(dòng)問(wèn)題在運(yùn)行和停機(jī)狀態(tài)下始終都是影響機(jī)組安全的主要因素。(4)利用GH-Bladed軟件分析塔筒的疲勞載荷,獲得應(yīng)力水平與累積循環(huán)次數(shù)關(guān)系曲線。通過(guò)疲勞試驗(yàn)確定：塔筒在給定應(yīng)力水平反復(fù)作用下,損傷可以認(rèn)為與應(yīng)力循環(huán)成線性累積的關(guān)系,當(dāng)損傷累積到某一臨界值時(shí)產(chǎn)生破壞。
[Abstract]:The wind turbine absorbs wind energy by rotating the wind turbine, converts the kinetic energy of the air flow into mechanical energy, and then converts the energy into electric energy to the power grid. Tower and tube is the main supporting part of wind turbine, and it is a tall structure with thin shell shape. It is in the natural atmosphere for a long time. It is restricted by atmospheric turbulence, wind shear, wind direction change and tower shadow effect. This makes the tower and cylinder subjected to very complex aerodynamic load, which has a great impact on the aerodynamic performance and service life of the wind turbine. In order to ensure the safe, reliable and effective operation of the wind turbine and avoid the accident, it is necessary to analyze the load on the tower and tube of the wind turbine during the design of the wind turbine. Therefore, it is of great significance to optimize the safety and improve the performance of tower and tube structure, especially for large and medium sized wind turbines. Taking a certain type of 2MW wind turbine as an example, the mechanical model of wind turbine under steady and dynamic conditions is constructed by using GH-Bladed software, and the simulation calculation is carried out. Based on the knowledge of aerodynamics and structural dynamics, the load of tower and cylinder is analyzed and verified in detail with the help of IEC and GL standard files. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the coordinate system of wind turbine is established, and the transmission mode and simplified method of load are studied deeply. According to the structural load characteristics, six kinds of loads are summarized: top aerodynamic load, hub torque, tower wind load, bending moment caused by nose eccentricity, nose gravity load and tower gravity load. These loads are simplified along the three axes and the equivalent concentrated force (torque) is calculated. (2) in the steady-state performance analysis of wind turbine, the influence factors of generating power are mainly studied. In the variable propeller wind turbine, the main factors affecting power generation are tip speed ratio and pitch angle. By adjusting the pitch angle of the propeller, the blade tip velocity ratio is changed and the optimal value of power generation is obtained. (3) the limit load of the four main sections of the tower tube is analyzed, and the variation law of the bending moment at the four sections is determined. With the different wind conditions, the mechanical state of the components of the engine room changes, and the bending moment of each section of the tower tube and the maximum moment section will also change. In addition, special attention is paid to the vibration problem, which is always the main factor affecting the safety of the unit in operation and shutdown. (4) the fatigue load of the tower and cylinder is analyzed by GH-Bladed software, and the curve of the relationship between the stress level and the cumulative cycle number is obtained. It is determined by fatigue test that the damage of tower and cylinder can be regarded as a linear cumulative relationship with stress cycle under repeated action of given stress level, and damage occurs when the damage accumulates to a certain critical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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本文編號(hào)：2197527