【摘要】：在我國(guó)鐵路第六次大提速后,隨著交直交車型的投入使用,在牽引供電系統(tǒng)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)變電所斷路器跳閘,電容器熔絲熔斷、爆漿,避雷器爆炸等事故,造成上述事故通常是由于牽引負(fù)荷的大波動(dòng)性引起系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的電磁暫態(tài)振蕩,而造成系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部過(guò)電壓出現(xiàn),其中諧振過(guò)電壓就是一個(gè)典型。本文通過(guò)理論分析和建模仿真的研究方法,針對(duì)牽引供電系統(tǒng)中的諧振過(guò)電壓進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究。 通過(guò)對(duì)牽引供電系統(tǒng)和交直交電力機(jī)車的理論分析,利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真軟件中的架空線模型建立用分布參數(shù)電路表示并可以反應(yīng)頻率變化對(duì)參數(shù)影響的牽引網(wǎng)模型,利用電機(jī)模型建立基于電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子磁場(chǎng)定向控制的牽引傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的控制電路作為脈沖整流器的負(fù)載。經(jīng)初步仿真,所得數(shù)據(jù)與理論分析結(jié)果相一致,實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)也表明模型的正確性。 基于本文所建模型,通過(guò)分析牽引網(wǎng)阻頻特性和交直交電力機(jī)車諧波特性研究了系統(tǒng)中的線性諧波諧振過(guò)電壓,得出牽引網(wǎng)諧振頻率和諧波源諧波電流共同決定著系統(tǒng)中的諧波過(guò)電壓,諧振時(shí)出現(xiàn)的電壓一般在40kV-50kV之間,電壓畸變率均超過(guò)3%,且持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)；通過(guò)以電力機(jī)車過(guò)分相為激勵(lì)條件研究了該過(guò)程中存在的鐵磁諧振過(guò)電壓,得出其諧振類型為分頻諧振,諧振時(shí)出現(xiàn)的電壓最高可達(dá)108.9kV,超過(guò)400mm絕緣子的工頻耐受電壓100kV。 最后根據(jù)諧波源特性以最小安裝容量法設(shè)計(jì)了高通濾波器參數(shù),用以改變牽引網(wǎng)的諧振頻率并濾除諧波。通過(guò)對(duì)不同臺(tái)數(shù)濾波器的安裝位置進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算,得出一臺(tái)安裝于機(jī)車,一臺(tái)安裝于分區(qū)所效果最佳,若機(jī)車安裝困難時(shí),在分區(qū)所和變電所各安裝一臺(tái)也可使電壓低于40kV,電壓畸變率小于3%；從削弱鐵磁諧振激勵(lì)條件和消耗諧振能量?jī)煞矫嫣岢龌诮佑|線電壓相位控制電力機(jī)車過(guò)分相的綜合抑制方案,達(dá)到抑制操作過(guò)電壓和鐵磁諧振過(guò)電壓的雙重目的,使該過(guò)程的過(guò)電壓低于50kV。本文的研究成果對(duì)于牽引供電系統(tǒng)中的諧振過(guò)電壓的理論分析和諧振過(guò)電壓治理方法可以提供參考。
[Abstract]:After the sixth speed increase of the railway in our country, with the application of the AC-DC model, accidents such as breaker tripping of substation circuit breaker, fuse of capacitor fuse, explosive slurry, explosion of lightning arrester and so on often occur in the traction power supply system. The above accidents are usually caused by the electromagnetic transient oscillation in the system caused by the large fluctuation of the traction load and the emergence of the internal over-voltage of the system, in which the resonant overvoltage is a typical one. In this paper, the resonance overvoltage in traction power supply system is studied by theoretical analysis and modeling and simulation. Based on the theoretical analysis of traction power supply system and AC-DC electric locomotive, the traction network model is established by using the overhead line model in PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software, which is expressed by distributed parameter circuit and can reflect the influence of frequency change on parameters. The control circuit of traction drive system based on rotor flux oriented control is established by using motor model as the load of pulse rectifier. The preliminary simulation results show that the obtained data are consistent with the theoretical analysis results, and the measured data also show the correctness of the model. Based on the model established in this paper, the linear harmonic resonance overvoltage in the system is studied by analyzing the characteristics of traction network resistance frequency and the harmonic characteristics of AC DC electric locomotive. It is concluded that the harmonic overvoltage in the system is determined by the resonance frequency and harmonic current of the traction network, and the voltage appearing in the resonance is between 40kV-50kV, the voltage distortion rate is more than 3, and the duration is long. The ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage in this process is studied under the excitation condition of excessive phase of electric locomotive. It is found that the type of resonance is divide-frequency resonance. The maximum voltage of resonance is 108.9 kV, which exceeds the power frequency tolerance voltage of 400mm insulator. Finally, according to the characteristics of harmonic source, the parameters of high pass filter are designed by the method of minimum installation capacity to change the resonant frequency of the traction network and filter the harmonics. Through the simulation calculation of the installation position of different number of filters, it is found that one is installed on the locomotive and the other is installed in the partition. If the locomotive is difficult to install, The voltage can also be less than 40kV and the voltage distortion rate is less than 3kV when one is installed in the substations and the substations. From the aspects of weakening the excitation condition of ferromagnetic resonance and consuming resonance energy, a comprehensive suppression scheme based on contact line voltage phase control is proposed to control the over-phase of electric locomotive. The purpose of restraining the operating overvoltage and ferroresonance overvoltage is achieved. The overvoltage of the process is less than 50 kV. The research results in this paper can be used as a reference for the theoretical analysis of resonant overvoltage in traction power supply system and the treatment method of resonant overvoltage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U223;TM864

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