【摘要】：1991年，Gr tzel等人首次將納米晶多孔氧化物薄膜引入染料敏化太陽能電池（Dye-sensitized solar cells，DSSCs），并將其轉化效率提高到7%，由此揭開了染料敏化太陽能電池的發(fā)展序幕。由于在DSSCs生產(chǎn)過程中沒有高真空高能耗環(huán)節(jié)、光陽極原材料易得、制作工藝簡單和較低的后期維護成本，使得染料敏化太陽能電池制造成本比傳統(tǒng)硅基太陽能電池要低得多。因此，在過去的二十年中，染料敏化太陽能電池在世界范圍內得到廣泛研究，被認為是實現(xiàn)太陽能大規(guī)模利用的主要候選者之一。 但是在目前實際利用中，染料敏化太陽能電池還存在不少問題亟待解決，如二氧化鈦的電子遷移速率較低、液態(tài)電解質易泄漏穩(wěn)定性差等。因此，本文分別制備了以二氧化錫為光陽極材料的液態(tài)染料敏化太陽能電池和以PEO為基材的聚合物復合固態(tài)電解質電池，并通過陽極表面處理獲得了效率的提高。 首先，我們使用原子層沉積技術在二氧化錫顆粒上包覆超薄氧化鋁，研究了氧化鋁包覆對染料敏化太陽能電池光電轉換效率的影響。研究表明，氧化鋁可以在二氧化錫/染料/電解質界面形成勢壘層，阻止電子的逆向復合。同時，由于氧化鋁具有較高的等電點，提高了染料的吸附量從而提高電池效率。通過染料吸附量的變化，提出了氧化鋁在多孔氧化錫基底上的三步沉積模型。并進一步研究了染料吸附后沉積氧化鋁的作用。 其次，我們成功的將ALD技術應用于固態(tài)電池體系中，并與四氯化鈦水解法相結合制備氧化鈦-氧化鋁雙層氧化物包覆結構。結果表明雙層結構可以更有效的抑制電子的復合并且提高了顆粒的連通性，，從而提高了固態(tài)染料敏化太陽能電池的光電轉換效率。
[Abstract]:In 1991, Gr tzel et al first introduced nanocrystalline porous oxide thin films into Dye-sensitized solar cells and raised its conversion efficiency to 70.This opened the development of dye sensitized solar cells. Because there is no high vacuum and high energy consumption in the DSSCs process, the raw materials of photoanode are easily available, the fabrication process is simple and the cost of later maintenance is lower, the manufacturing cost of dye sensitized solar cells is much lower than that of traditional silicon based solar cells. Therefore, in the past two decades, dye sensitized solar cells have been widely studied in the world, and are considered as one of the main candidates for the large-scale use of solar energy. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the practical use of dye-sensitized solar cells, such as the low electron transfer rate of titanium dioxide, the poor leakage stability of liquid electrolyte and so on. Therefore, liquid dye sensitized solar cells with tin dioxide as photoanode and polymer composite solid-state electrolyte batteries with PEO as substrate were prepared in this paper, and the efficiency was improved by anodic surface treatment. Firstly, the effect of aluminum oxide coating on the photoconversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated by using atomic layer deposition technique. The results show that alumina can form barrier layer at the interface of tin dioxide / dye / electrolyte to prevent electronic reverse recombination. At the same time, because of the high isoelectric point of alumina, the adsorption capacity of dye is increased, and the efficiency of the battery is improved. A three-step deposition model of alumina on porous tin oxide substrate was proposed by changing the amount of dye adsorption. The effect of dye adsorption on alumina deposition was also studied. Secondly, we successfully applied ALD technology to solid state battery system, and combined with titanium tetrachloride hydrolysis method to prepare titanium-alumina double oxide coating structure. The results show that the double layer structure can effectively inhibit the recombination of electrons and improve the connectivity of particles, thus improving the photoconversion efficiency of solid-state dye sensitized solar cells.
【學位授予單位】：北京印刷學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM914.4

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