開關磁阻電機控制器硬件設計及底層驅(qū)動開發(fā)
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 13:43
【摘要】：開關磁阻電機的發(fā)展已有100多年，近50年是其快速發(fā)展的階段，我國對開關磁阻電機的研究始于1984年。包含開關磁阻電機的控制系統(tǒng)，結(jié)合了交、直流電機調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點，是一種新型的電動車用調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)。如今，大氣的嚴重污染和石油資源的日漸消耗與汽車數(shù)量的激增成不對稱的關系，作為家庭必選的出行工具的汽車面臨巨大的壓力，所以，電動汽車應運而生，電動汽車折合的油耗成本低并且環(huán)保。開關磁阻電機應用在電動汽車領域也符合時代的需要，開關磁阻電機作為電動汽車用驅(qū)動電機具有成本低、效率高、簡單靈活和調(diào)速性能優(yōu)秀等的優(yōu)點。此外，開關磁阻電機還廣泛的應用于通用工業(yè)、紡織機械、煤炭油田和家用電器等領域。因此，本文以高爾夫球車的車用驅(qū)動電機設計為背景，基于開關磁阻電機，設計控制器硬件電路以及底層驅(qū)動。 本文從開關磁阻電機和車用驅(qū)動電機的研究背景、國內(nèi)外發(fā)展動態(tài)和深遠意義的簡單介紹引出本課題的研究。通過對比分析幾種車用驅(qū)動電機的優(yōu)缺點，開關磁阻電機因其結(jié)構簡單、氣動特性好、動態(tài)響應快、效率高和調(diào)速性能好等的優(yōu)點而被優(yōu)先選作電動汽車的驅(qū)動電機�；陂_關磁阻電機結(jié)構的非線性考慮，通過分析研究開關磁阻電機的工作原理，分析電路方程、機械方程和機電聯(lián)系方程，研究線性模型、準線性模型和非線性模型。為便于分析，針對理想線性模型，分析開關磁阻電機的相電感特性、磁鏈特性、電流特性和電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩特性，總結(jié)得出開關磁阻電機在各個速度范圍內(nèi)運行時的特性。 其次，有三種基本方法來完成開關磁阻電機的控制：電流斬波控制、電壓斬波控制和角度位置控制。通過改變開通和關斷的角度，來完成電機的速度控制�？偨Y(jié)得出了雙閉環(huán)PI控制的開關磁阻電機調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)：外環(huán)速度PI控制、內(nèi)環(huán)電流PI控制。以高爾夫球車為應用背景，設計控制器硬件電路，，以DSP芯片F(xiàn)2812為主控芯片。包括外圍接口電路、功率變換器主電路及其驅(qū)動電路、緩沖吸收電路、電流電壓檢測電路、轉(zhuǎn)子位置信號檢測電路、溫度檢測電路、CAN通信模塊、電流斬波電路、電壓轉(zhuǎn)換電路、保護電路和人機交互接口電路。為準確獲取轉(zhuǎn)子的位置信號，方便計算速度，本設計選用有位置檢測器�；陔姍C和功率變換器的成本與體積的考慮，功率變換器主電路選用三相的不對稱半橋主電路，功率開關管選用場效應管MOSFET。為滿足電流參數(shù)的要求，采用兩個MOSFET管并聯(lián)承受大電流。為實現(xiàn)電氣隔離，控制電路和功率電路、模擬電路和數(shù)字電路等電路之間用高速光耦進行分隔。之后，給出PCB板，以及在制板過程中，布局布線的技巧，分析和改善了設計電路的可靠性。 最后對電路板進行測試和分析，并對本設計進行總結(jié)和展望，指出本設計需要改進的方向和為擴展需要進行的進一步研究。
[Abstract]:The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has been developed for more than 100 years, and the last 50 years is the stage of its rapid development. The research on SRM in China began in 1984. The control system of switched reluctance motor, which combines the advantages of AC and DC motor speed control system, is a new type of speed control system for electric vehicles. Today, the serious pollution of the atmosphere and the increasing consumption of oil resources have become asymmetrical to the rapid increase in the number of cars. The car, as a necessary means of travel for families, is under tremendous pressure, so electric vehicles have emerged as the times require. Electric cars have low fuel costs and are environmentally friendly. The application of switched reluctance motor in the field of electric vehicle is also in line with the needs of the times. As a drive motor of electric vehicle, switched reluctance motor has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple and flexible, excellent speed regulation performance and so on. In addition, switched reluctance motors are widely used in general industry, textile machinery, coal fields and household appliances. Therefore, based on the switched reluctance motor, the hardware circuit of the controller and the bottom drive are designed based on the design of the vehicle driving motor of the golf cart. In this paper, the research background of switched reluctance motor and vehicle drive motor, the development of domestic and foreign trends and far-reaching significance of a brief introduction of this subject. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of vehicle drive motors, switched reluctance motor is selected as the driving motor of electric vehicle because of its simple structure, good aerodynamic characteristics, fast dynamic response, high efficiency and good speed regulation performance. Based on the nonlinear consideration of the structure of switched reluctance motor, the working principle, circuit equation, mechanical equation and electromechanical relation equation of switched reluctance motor are analyzed, and the linear model, quasilinear model and nonlinear model are studied. For the sake of analysis, aiming at the ideal linear model, the phase inductance, flux chain, current and electromagnetic torque characteristics of switched reluctance motor are analyzed, and the characteristics of switched reluctance motor running in various speed range are summarized. Secondly, there are three basic methods to control switched reluctance motor: current chopper control, voltage chopper control and angle position control. The speed control of the motor is accomplished by changing the angle of opening and turning off. The speed control system of switched reluctance motor (SRM) with double closed loop Pi control is summarized. The speed Pi control of outer loop and Pi control of internal loop current are obtained. The hardware circuit of the controller is designed with golf cart as the application background, and the DSP chip F2812 is used as the main control chip. It includes peripheral interface circuit, main circuit of power converter and its driving circuit, snubber circuit, current and voltage detection circuit, rotor position signal detection circuit, temperature detection circuit and can communication module, current chopping circuit, voltage conversion circuit. Protection circuit and man-machine interface circuit. In order to obtain the rotor position signal accurately and calculate the speed conveniently, the position detector is used in this design. Considering the cost and volume of motor and power converter, the main circuit of power converter is composed of three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge main circuit and power switch transistor with field effect transistor (MOSFET). In order to meet the requirements of current parameters, two MOSFET transistors are used in parallel to withstand high current. In order to achieve electrical isolation, control circuit and power circuit, analog circuit and digital circuit are separated by high speed optical coupling. After that, the PCB board and the skills of layout and wiring in the process of making the board are given, and the reliability of the design circuit is analyzed and improved. Finally, the circuit board is tested and analyzed, and the design is summarized and prospected. The direction of improvement and further research for the expansion of the design are pointed out.
【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM352
本文編號：2177158
[Abstract]:The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has been developed for more than 100 years, and the last 50 years is the stage of its rapid development. The research on SRM in China began in 1984. The control system of switched reluctance motor, which combines the advantages of AC and DC motor speed control system, is a new type of speed control system for electric vehicles. Today, the serious pollution of the atmosphere and the increasing consumption of oil resources have become asymmetrical to the rapid increase in the number of cars. The car, as a necessary means of travel for families, is under tremendous pressure, so electric vehicles have emerged as the times require. Electric cars have low fuel costs and are environmentally friendly. The application of switched reluctance motor in the field of electric vehicle is also in line with the needs of the times. As a drive motor of electric vehicle, switched reluctance motor has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple and flexible, excellent speed regulation performance and so on. In addition, switched reluctance motors are widely used in general industry, textile machinery, coal fields and household appliances. Therefore, based on the switched reluctance motor, the hardware circuit of the controller and the bottom drive are designed based on the design of the vehicle driving motor of the golf cart. In this paper, the research background of switched reluctance motor and vehicle drive motor, the development of domestic and foreign trends and far-reaching significance of a brief introduction of this subject. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of vehicle drive motors, switched reluctance motor is selected as the driving motor of electric vehicle because of its simple structure, good aerodynamic characteristics, fast dynamic response, high efficiency and good speed regulation performance. Based on the nonlinear consideration of the structure of switched reluctance motor, the working principle, circuit equation, mechanical equation and electromechanical relation equation of switched reluctance motor are analyzed, and the linear model, quasilinear model and nonlinear model are studied. For the sake of analysis, aiming at the ideal linear model, the phase inductance, flux chain, current and electromagnetic torque characteristics of switched reluctance motor are analyzed, and the characteristics of switched reluctance motor running in various speed range are summarized. Secondly, there are three basic methods to control switched reluctance motor: current chopper control, voltage chopper control and angle position control. The speed control of the motor is accomplished by changing the angle of opening and turning off. The speed control system of switched reluctance motor (SRM) with double closed loop Pi control is summarized. The speed Pi control of outer loop and Pi control of internal loop current are obtained. The hardware circuit of the controller is designed with golf cart as the application background, and the DSP chip F2812 is used as the main control chip. It includes peripheral interface circuit, main circuit of power converter and its driving circuit, snubber circuit, current and voltage detection circuit, rotor position signal detection circuit, temperature detection circuit and can communication module, current chopping circuit, voltage conversion circuit. Protection circuit and man-machine interface circuit. In order to obtain the rotor position signal accurately and calculate the speed conveniently, the position detector is used in this design. Considering the cost and volume of motor and power converter, the main circuit of power converter is composed of three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge main circuit and power switch transistor with field effect transistor (MOSFET). In order to meet the requirements of current parameters, two MOSFET transistors are used in parallel to withstand high current. In order to achieve electrical isolation, control circuit and power circuit, analog circuit and digital circuit are separated by high speed optical coupling. After that, the PCB board and the skills of layout and wiring in the process of making the board are given, and the reliability of the design circuit is analyzed and improved. Finally, the circuit board is tested and analyzed, and the design is summarized and prospected. The direction of improvement and further research for the expansion of the design are pointed out.
【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM352
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