【摘要】：常見(jiàn)的永磁交流電機(jī)包括電網(wǎng)供電的自起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)、逆變器供電的永磁同步電機(jī)(變頻永磁無(wú)刷交流電機(jī))與永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)。本文主要研究鼠籠式永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)和自起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)。 鼠籠式永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)結(jié)合了永磁電機(jī)和異步電機(jī)的雙重特點(diǎn)。從電機(jī)本體結(jié)構(gòu)上看,這類電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子上安裝了鼠籠,因而該電機(jī)與傳統(tǒng)自起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)類似,但是控制方式并不相同。該類電機(jī)具有良好的起動(dòng)性能和較高的穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行效率及功率密度。由于與自起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)工作方式不同,鼠籠繞組對(duì)電機(jī)性能和控制策略的影響也不相同。因此研究該類電機(jī)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)以及控制規(guī)律具有較高的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,值得深入研究。 本文簡(jiǎn)單介紹了鼠籠式永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的工作原理,并介紹了高速電機(jī)的研究現(xiàn)狀,總結(jié)了目前高速永磁電機(jī)研究方面取得的主要學(xué)術(shù)成果,針對(duì)鼠籠式高速永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)研究具體展開(kāi)了以下一些工作,取得了一些較有價(jià)值的成果： 首先,本文詳細(xì)整理了現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)關(guān)于自起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并且推導(dǎo)了鼠籠式永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)在定子坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型；通過(guò)MATLAB軟件,編寫了鼠籠式永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的仿真模型。仿真模型從數(shù)學(xué)角度解釋了電機(jī)參數(shù)對(duì)電機(jī)運(yùn)行性能的影響。相比有限元軟件,該仿真模型的分析時(shí)間大大縮短,為鼠籠式永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了較大的便利。 其次,以一臺(tái)中等功率高速永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)為例,綜合考慮電機(jī)加工成本、加工工藝、電磁性能、機(jī)械強(qiáng)度等因素,給出了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法與規(guī)律,完成了樣機(jī)的電磁設(shè)計(jì)方案和實(shí)物樣機(jī)加工,開(kāi)展實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)方案的可行性。設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)律可以推廣應(yīng)用于中等功率高速永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。 再次,詳細(xì)分析了鼠籠繞組對(duì)永磁電機(jī)退磁性能的影響,找出了永磁電機(jī)永磁體局部不可逆退磁擴(kuò)散的規(guī)律,從數(shù)學(xué)模型層面解釋了鼠籠繞組在提高永磁體抗退磁能力時(shí)發(fā)揮的作用。提出了四種有效提高永磁體抗退磁能力的優(yōu)化措施,以一臺(tái)自起動(dòng)永磁同步電機(jī)為例,使用Ansoft有限元軟件分析了四種優(yōu)化措施對(duì)永磁體堵轉(zhuǎn)退磁的影響,最后制作了樣機(jī),堵轉(zhuǎn)退磁實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)與有限元仿真數(shù)據(jù)吻合。 最后,研究了鼠籠繞組對(duì)永磁電機(jī)磁鏈觀測(cè)器的影響,推導(dǎo)了在同步速坐標(biāo)系下永磁電機(jī)磁鏈觀測(cè)原理。由于在同步速坐標(biāo)系下,電機(jī)內(nèi)物理量的基頻分量均為直流量,而諧波分量為交流量,由于鼠籠繞組的電流為諧波電流,因此,通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的一階低通濾波器可以將鼠籠電流對(duì)定子電流、磁鏈的影響濾除。而轉(zhuǎn)子的位置僅與轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈的基頻分量有關(guān),因此,使用同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的磁鏈觀測(cè)原理可以計(jì)算得到準(zhǔn)確的轉(zhuǎn)子位置信息。通過(guò)對(duì)鼠籠式永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的有限元仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算,驗(yàn)證了該磁鏈觀測(cè)原理的準(zhǔn)確性,在此基礎(chǔ)上,完成了硬件磁鏈觀測(cè)器的制作,用于控制樣機(jī)運(yùn)行,實(shí)驗(yàn)效果良好。
[Abstract]:The common permanent magnet AC motor includes the self starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) powered by the power grid, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (VVVF permanent magnet brushless AC motor) powered by the inverter and the permanent magnet brushless DC motor. This paper mainly studies the squirrel cage permanent magnet brushless DC motor and the self starting permanent magnet synchronous motor.
The squirrel cage permanent magnet brushless DC motor combines the dual characteristics of the permanent magnet motor and the asynchronous motor. From the main structure of the motor, the squirrel cage is installed on the motor rotor, so the motor is similar to the traditional self starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, but the control mode is not the same. The motor has good starting performance and high stability. The effect of the squirrel cage winding on the performance and control strategy of the motor is different from that of the self starting permanent magnet synchronous motor. Therefore, the study of the optimal design and control law of this kind of motor has a high academic value. It is worth studying in depth.
This paper briefly introduces the working principle of the squirrel cage permanent magnet brushless DC motor, introduces the research status of the high speed motor, summarizes the main academic achievements in the research of high speed permanent magnet motor, and has made some work on the study of the squirrel cage high speed permanent magnet brushless DC motor. Achievements:
First, the mathematical model of the self starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the existing literature is arranged in detail, and the mathematical model of the squirrel cage permanent magnet brushless DC motor in the stator coordinate system is derived. The simulation model of the squirrel cage type permanent magnet brushless DC motor is written by the MATLAB software. The simulation model explains the motor reference from the mathematical angle. Compared with the finite element software, the analysis time of the simulation model is greatly shortened, which provides a great convenience for the optimization design of the squirrel cage permanent magnet brushless DC motor.
Secondly, taking a medium power high speed permanent magnet brushless DC motor as an example, the optimization design method and law are given in consideration of the machining cost, processing technology, electromagnetic performance and mechanical strength. The electromagnetic design and the prototype of the prototype are completed and the experimental research is carried out. The feasibility of the design scheme is verified. The law can be applied to the optimization design of medium power high speed permanent magnet brushless DC motor.
Thirdly, the effect of the squirrel cage winding on the demagnetization performance of permanent magnet motor is analyzed in detail. The law of local irreversible demagnetization and diffusion of permanent magnet permanent magnet is found out. The role of the squirrel cage winding in improving the anti demagnetization ability of permanent magnets is explained from the mathematical model level. Four optimization measures to improve the anti demagnetization ability of permanent magnets are proposed. Taking a self starting permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example, Ansoft finite element software is used to analyze the effect of four optimization measures on the degaussing of the permanent magnet. Finally, the prototype is made. The experimental data of the degaussing and demagnetization are in agreement with the finite element simulation data.
Finally, the influence of the squirrel cage winding on the flux observer of the permanent magnet motor is studied. The principle of the magnetic chain observation of the permanent magnet motor under the synchronous speed coordinate system is derived. The fundamental frequency component of the physical quantity in the synchronous speed coordinate system is all direct flow, and the harmonic component is the AC flow, and the current of the squirrel cage winding is harmonic current. The single first order low pass filter can remove the effect of the squirrel cage current on the stator current and magnetic chain. The position of the rotor is only related to the basic frequency component of the rotor flux. Therefore, the accurate rotor position information can be calculated by the principle of magnetic chain observation under the synchronous rotating coordinate system. The result of the element simulation is calculated to verify the accuracy of the principle of the magnetic chain observation. On this basis, the hardware flux observer is made, which is used to control the operation of the prototype, and the experimental results are good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM34

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