本文選題：風力發(fā)電 + 變速恒頻��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球生態(tài)環(huán)境的不斷惡化，能源的短缺，各個國家都在資金、政策與技術(shù)方面加大對新型綠色能源的投入。其中風能是一種發(fā)展?jié)摿艽蟮男履茉�，近年來一直倍受青睞。目前風電系統(tǒng)正向著日益大型化的方向發(fā)展，其中變速恒頻雙饋風電系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢日益明顯，，尤其是可在較寬的風速范圍內(nèi)實現(xiàn)輸出電能的恒頻恒壓的特點，受到了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。本文以變速恒頻雙饋風電系統(tǒng)為主要研究對象，首先深入分析了風力機與雙饋發(fā)電機的基本原理和運行機理，在此基礎(chǔ)上，運用矢量控制技術(shù)對雙饋電機進行功率解耦控制，并建立了風電系統(tǒng)數(shù)學模型。然后以風力機捕獲最大風能為控制目標，從風能利用率角度出發(fā)，重點研究最大風能追蹤的控制。 雙饋異步發(fā)電機功率解耦控制是實現(xiàn)風電系統(tǒng)變速恒頻運行的關(guān)鍵，如果解耦不合適，就會使系統(tǒng)的控制變得非常困難，嚴重的會使電機的電磁量發(fā)生相互干擾或震蕩，使系統(tǒng)無法正常運行。本文在分析了雙饋異步發(fā)電機基本工作原理、等效電路、功率流向的基礎(chǔ)上，運用矢量坐標變換將三相靜止坐標系下的雙饋電機數(shù)學模型變換到兩相同步速度旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標系下，并以定子磁鏈為定向矢量的矢量控制對其進行功率解耦，并以此建立了風電系統(tǒng)整體仿真模型，通過仿真結(jié)果說明了控制方法的有效性和可行性。 大型風力機組運行過程一般可分為三個階段，即起動階段、欠功率階段和額定功率保持階段，對于不同的階段，最大風能追蹤的控制策略有所不同。在啟動階段，風力機的輸出功率為零，風能的利用率最小，不存在風能的追蹤利用問題，一般將發(fā)電機與電網(wǎng)脫離；在欠功率階段，風速在額定風速以下，風力機的輸出功率一般不會超出其額定功率，也就不會存在安全性方面的問題，更多關(guān)注的是讓風力機的輸出功率最大化；在額定功率保持階段，由于風速較大，更應該關(guān)心整個風電系統(tǒng)的安全性問題，此時一般依靠風力機變槳距控制和發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)速控制來限制風電系統(tǒng)對風能的吸收。為此，本文以欠功率階段的最大風能追蹤為研究重點，對風力機捕獲風能的過程進行全面的理論分析，提出基于蟻群算法自整定PID在最大風能追蹤控制中的應用，具體設計了基于蟻群算法自整定PID控制器，并對其進行相應的仿真分析，仿真結(jié)果表明了該控制策略不僅使控制系統(tǒng)具有良好的動態(tài)響應能力，而且提高了控制精度，在風能利用率等方面也明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的PID控制方法。
[Abstract]:With the deterioration of the global ecological environment and the shortage of energy, every country has increased its investment in new green energy in terms of funds, policies and technologies. Among them, wind energy is a new energy with great development potential, and has been favored in recent years. At present, wind power system is developing towards an increasingly large scale, in which the advantages of variable speed constant frequency doubly-fed wind power system are becoming more and more obvious, especially the characteristics that the constant frequency constant voltage of electric energy output can be realized in a wide range of wind speed. Has received the widespread attention of the people. In this paper, the variable speed constant frequency doubly-fed wind power system is taken as the main research object. Firstly, the basic principle and operation mechanism of wind turbine and doubly-fed generator are deeply analyzed. On this basis, the power decoupling control of doubly-fed wind turbine is carried out by using vector control technology. The mathematical model of wind power system is established. Then the maximum wind energy capture is taken as the control target, and the control of maximum wind energy tracking is mainly studied from the point of view of wind energy utilization. The power decoupling control of doubly-fed asynchronous generator is the key to realize the variable speed constant frequency operation of wind power system. If decoupling is not suitable, the control of the system will become very difficult, and the electromagnetic quantity of the motor will be interfered or oscillated seriously. Prevents the system from working properly. Based on the analysis of basic working principle, equivalent circuit and power flow direction of doubly-fed asynchronous generator, the mathematical model of doubly-fed generator in three-phase static coordinate system is transformed into two-phase synchronous speed rotating coordinate system by vector coordinate transformation. The stator flux is used as the directional vector to decouple its power, and the overall simulation model of wind power system is established. The simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the control method. The operation process of large wind turbine can be divided into three stages, that is, starting stage, underpower stage and rated power keeping stage. For different stages, the control strategy of maximum wind energy tracking is different. In the start-up phase, the output power of the wind turbine is zero, the utilization rate of the wind energy is the least, and there is no problem of tracking and utilization of the wind energy, so the generator is generally separated from the power grid; in the underpower stage, the wind speed is below the rated wind speed. Generally speaking, the output power of wind turbine does not exceed its rated power, so there will be no security problem. More attention is paid to maximizing the output power of wind turbine. In the phase of maintaining rated power, due to the large wind speed, We should pay more attention to the safety of the whole wind power system, which usually depends on the wind turbine pitch control and generator speed control to limit the wind energy absorption. Therefore, this paper focuses on the maximum wind energy tracking in underpower stage, makes a comprehensive theoretical analysis on the wind energy capture process of wind turbine, and puts forward the application of self-tuning pid based on ant colony algorithm in the maximum wind energy tracking control. A self-tuning pid controller based on ant colony algorithm is designed and simulated. The simulation results show that the control strategy not only makes the control system have a good dynamic response ability, but also improves the control accuracy. It is also superior to the traditional pid control method in wind energy utilization rate and so on.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614

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