本文選題：無刷直流電機(jī) + Simulink��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：無刷直流電機(jī)（BLDCM）也稱方波同步電機(jī)，保持了直流電機(jī)的優(yōu)良特性，采用了電子換向替代機(jī)械換向，解決了傳統(tǒng)直流電機(jī)因機(jī)械換向帶來的電火花、噪音、干擾及使用壽命短等問題。因而在可靠性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、快速性以及效率等方面占有明顯優(yōu)勢，因此，廣泛應(yīng)用于高精度的控制系統(tǒng)中。本文主要對無刷直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的控制策略進(jìn)行研究。 目前，無刷直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)一般采用雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速，采用傳統(tǒng)PID控制策略。然而傳統(tǒng)PID控制要求對控制器參數(shù)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的整定，當(dāng)被控對象參數(shù)發(fā)生變化時(shí)，控制器參數(shù)不能隨著被控對象的變化而做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。無刷直流電機(jī)系統(tǒng)就是一個多變量、強(qiáng)耦合、非線性、時(shí)變的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)。因此，在一些高精度、高性能的應(yīng)用場合，單一的PID控制策略已不能達(dá)到理想的控制效果。近年來，一些智能控制為解決上述問題提供了新的思路，其中模糊控制就以控制算法簡單、對數(shù)學(xué)模型依賴性弱、便于實(shí)時(shí)控制、魯棒性強(qiáng)、參數(shù)可在線自整定等特點(diǎn)迅速發(fā)展起來。 本文針對無刷直流電機(jī)高精度控制策略為主題開展探索，設(shè)計(jì)一個高性能的無刷直流電機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，以期提高系統(tǒng)的動、靜態(tài)性能。首先，分析了無刷直流電機(jī)的組成結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理、數(shù)學(xué)模型及調(diào)速方式。其次，在傳統(tǒng)PID控制基礎(chǔ)上，，結(jié)合模糊控制，設(shè)計(jì)一個能夠在線參數(shù)自整定的模糊自適應(yīng)PID集成控制器，并提出一種優(yōu)化模糊算子的優(yōu)化算法，解決傳統(tǒng)PID控制精度低的問題。第三，在仿真環(huán)境MATLAB/Simlink下搭建以模糊自適應(yīng)PID為速度環(huán)控制器、以傳統(tǒng)PI控制為電流環(huán)控制器的雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，并與傳統(tǒng)PID控制效果進(jìn)行仿真對比。仿真結(jié)果表明：在模糊自適應(yīng)PID集成控制策略下，系統(tǒng)具有較強(qiáng)的魯棒性和自適應(yīng)性，能夠改善電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的動、靜態(tài)特性。最后，提出一種算法簡單、精度高、響應(yīng)快的全維觀測器去跟蹤觀測速度的變化情況。 最后，以美國Microchip公司推出的一款專門用于伺服控制系統(tǒng)的增強(qiáng)型16位閃存數(shù)字信號處理器dsPIC30F4011作為主控芯片，進(jìn)行了無刷直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動控制器的軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor (BLDCM), also known as square wave synchronous motor, maintains the excellent characteristics of DC motor, adopts electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutator, and solves the electrical spark and noise caused by mechanical commutation of traditional DC motor. Interference and short service life. Therefore, it has obvious advantages in reliability, economy, rapidity and efficiency, so it is widely used in high-precision control systems. In this paper, the control strategy of brushless DC motor speed regulation system is studied. At present, brushless DC motor speed regulation system generally adopts double closed loop speed regulation and traditional pid control strategy. However, the traditional pid control requires strict tuning of the controller parameters. When the parameters of the controlled object change, the controller parameters can not be adjusted with the change of the controlled object. Brushless DC motor system is a multivariable, strongly coupled, nonlinear, time-varying complex system. Therefore, in some high precision and high performance applications, the single pid control strategy can not achieve the ideal control effect. In recent years, some intelligent controls have provided new ideas for solving the above problems. Among them, fuzzy control has the advantages of simple control algorithm, weak dependence on mathematical model, convenient real-time control and strong robustness. Parameters can be self-tuning on-line characteristics such as rapid development. In this paper, the high precision control strategy of brushless DC motor is explored, and a high performance double closed loop speed regulation system for brushless DC motor is designed in order to improve the dynamic and static performance of the system. Firstly, the composition, working principle, mathematical model and speed regulation of brushless DC motor are analyzed. Secondly, on the basis of traditional pid control and fuzzy control, a fuzzy adaptive pid integrated controller is designed, which can self-adjust the parameters on line, and an optimization algorithm of fuzzy operator is proposed to solve the problem of low precision of traditional pid control. Thirdly, under MATLAB / Simlink, a double closed loop speed control system with fuzzy adaptive pid as speed loop controller and traditional Pi control as current loop controller is built, and the simulation results are compared with that of traditional pid control. The simulation results show that the system is robust and adaptive under the fuzzy adaptive pid integrated control strategy and can improve the dynamic and static characteristics of the motor speed control system. Finally, a full-order observer with simple algorithm, high precision and fast response is proposed to track the change of observation speed. Finally, an enhanced 16-bit flash digital signal processor dsPIC30F4011 for servo control system developed by Microchip is used as the main control chip to design the hardware and software of the brushless DC motor drive controller.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TM33

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