本文選題：電壓測(cè)量 + 電場(chǎng)耦合　； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：電壓測(cè)量是電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，在電能計(jì)量、繼電保護(hù)以及自動(dòng)化設(shè)備控制等方面都具有舉足輕重的影響，保證其準(zhǔn)確度與可靠性對(duì)維護(hù)電能貿(mào)易結(jié)算公平、保證電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行以及推動(dòng)智能電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展都具有重要意義。傳統(tǒng)的電壓互感器由于在體積、重量、絕緣成本、穩(wěn)態(tài)測(cè)量精度以及暫態(tài)響應(yīng)速度等方面的缺陷，已經(jīng)開始越來越不適應(yīng)智能電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。本文基于電場(chǎng)耦合原理，提出了一種新的電壓傳感器，期待在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展一種非接觸式電力設(shè)備電壓測(cè)量方法。本文的主要工作體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面： ①提出了通過電場(chǎng)耦合原理來實(shí)現(xiàn)電力設(shè)備電壓測(cè)量的新思路，并通過理論推導(dǎo)證明了其可行性。在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了電場(chǎng)耦合傳感器的基本測(cè)量原理，并分析了其頻率特性，提出了適合于電力系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的傳感器工作模式，為傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。 ②提出了差動(dòng)輸入結(jié)構(gòu)與多重電極并聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，用于解決電場(chǎng)耦合電壓傳感器在電力系統(tǒng)電壓測(cè)量中面臨的一系列問題。分析了由于參數(shù)擾動(dòng)引起的傳感器誤差，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了傳感器的優(yōu)化目標(biāo)與優(yōu)化策略。通過電磁場(chǎng)有限元計(jì)算軟件Ansoft Maxwell對(duì)傳感器進(jìn)行建模與仿真，，計(jì)算得到了最優(yōu)化的傳感器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。為保證傳感器參數(shù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和一致性，傳感器被制作成為印刷電路板的形式用于后續(xù)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。 ③設(shè)計(jì)了測(cè)量硬件電路，用于傳感器輸出測(cè)量電壓的信號(hào)調(diào)理與數(shù)字化采集。利用圖形編程開發(fā)軟件LabVIEW編寫了PC端軟件程序，具有良好的人機(jī)操作界面，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)采集數(shù)據(jù)的圖形化顯示、分析和保存。通過WIFI網(wǎng)絡(luò)與UDP協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)了硬件測(cè)量電路與PC端軟件之間數(shù)據(jù)、指令的通訊。 ④搭建了用于進(jìn)行傳感器校正與誤差試驗(yàn)的試驗(yàn)校驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。在完成傳感器誤差校正的基礎(chǔ)上，通過與作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器的示波器高壓探頭比對(duì)，在試驗(yàn)校驗(yàn)平臺(tái)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)傳感器穩(wěn)態(tài)準(zhǔn)確度和暫態(tài)響應(yīng)速度的測(cè)試。結(jié)果顯示，傳感器可以達(dá)到0.5級(jí)的計(jì)量電壓互感器準(zhǔn)確度，并能夠快速反應(yīng)一次電壓的變化情況。符合智能電網(wǎng)測(cè)量傳感器智能化、小型化、便捷化的發(fā)展需要。
[Abstract]:Voltage measurement is an important link in the operation of power system. It plays an important role in electric energy measurement, relay protection and automation equipment control, which ensures its accuracy and reliability to maintain the fairness of electricity trade settlement. It is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of power grid and to promote the development of smart grid. Traditional voltage transformers have become more and more unsuitable for the development trend of smart grid due to their defects in volume, weight, insulation cost, steady-state measurement accuracy and transient response speed. Based on the principle of electric field coupling, a new voltage sensor is proposed in this paper. It is expected to develop a non-contact voltage measurement method for power equipment. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1 A new idea to realize the voltage measurement of power equipment by the principle of electric field coupling is put forward, and its feasibility is proved by theoretical deduction. On this basis, the basic measurement principle of electric field coupling sensor is studied, and its frequency characteristic is analyzed, and the working mode of sensor suitable for power system application is put forward. It provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the sensor. 2. The differential input structure and the parallel structure of multiple electrodes are proposed to solve a series of problems faced by the electric field coupled voltage sensor in power system voltage measurement. The sensor error caused by parameter disturbance is analyzed, and the optimization target and optimization strategy are proposed. The sensor is modeled and simulated by the electromagnetic field finite element software Ansoft Maxwell, and the optimum structural design parameters of the sensor are obtained. In order to ensure the standardization and consistency of sensor parameters, the sensor is made into a printed circuit board for subsequent test verification. Signal conditioning and digital acquisition for sensor output voltage measurement. The software program of PC is written with LabVIEW, which has a good man-machine interface and realizes the graphical display, analysis and preservation of the collected data. Through WiFi network and UDP protocol, the data and instruction communication between the hardware measuring circuit and the PC software is realized. 4 the experimental verification platform for sensor correction and error test is built. On the basis of the error correction of the sensor, the steady-state accuracy and transient response speed of the sensor are tested on the test platform by comparing with the high-voltage probe of the oscilloscope as the standard device. The results show that the sensor can achieve the accuracy of 0.5 level measurement voltage transformer, and can quickly respond to the change of primary voltage. Meet the smart grid measurement sensor intelligence, miniaturization, convenient development needs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM933.2

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