本文選題：PETE器件 + 陰極��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（西安光學(xué)精密機械研究所）》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：基于光子增強熱電子發(fā)射(PETE)效應(yīng)太陽能利用是近年國際上提出的一種新型寬光譜太陽能綜合利用方式,PETE太陽能發(fā)電方式理論上能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)聚光技術(shù)、光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)以及光熱發(fā)電技術(shù)的高效結(jié)合,系統(tǒng)復(fù)合利用理論效率可達到50%以上。目前,對于PETE太陽能電池器件的研究還不完善和深入,此前關(guān)于PETE太陽能利用的研究,都停留在理論研究方面。對于PETE器件的設(shè)計和研制暫未見有報到。本論文基于建立和完善的PETE器件理論模型,給出了基于PETE器件優(yōu)化參數(shù)的高效太陽能電池系統(tǒng)集成方案,實現(xiàn)了基于GaAs透射式陰極的PETE器件制作,完成了基于PETE效應(yīng)的太陽能電池集成系統(tǒng)的太陽能光伏／光熱復(fù)合利用技術(shù)論證,為系統(tǒng)深入開展PETE光伏／光熱復(fù)合利用系統(tǒng)研究奠定良好基礎(chǔ),具體研究內(nèi)容如下。 一、基于PETE器件理論模型的建立,開展了影響器件轉(zhuǎn)換效率的陰陽極材料特性研究,并對PETE器件關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計。通過研究對比多種耐高溫光電發(fā)射材料特性,選擇砷化鎵材料作為器件高效PETE陰極；引入砷化鎵陰極指數(shù)梯度摻雜結(jié)構(gòu)提高陰極電子輸運能力,提高了器件陰極光子增強熱電子發(fā)射效率；基于PETE光電／光熱復(fù)合電池系統(tǒng)能量傳遞過程和系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換效率的分析,在聚光比200倍,陰極工作溫度1000K設(shè)計條件下,系統(tǒng)總效率可以達到25%,其中PETE器件的效率為20%。 二、基于透射式PETE器件的結(jié)構(gòu)與制作工藝的設(shè)計,完成了PETE器件的研制。通過MOCVD外延生長技術(shù),制備了高質(zhì)量GaAs熱光電陰極PETE發(fā)射材料指數(shù)摻雜結(jié)構(gòu)；通過GaAs電場誘導(dǎo)PETE發(fā)射實驗,驗證了外延GaAs材料具有良好的PETE發(fā)射特性；利用熱絲CVD法,在硅(Si)基底上制備了功函數(shù)為1.1eV的陽極金剛石薄膜材料；通過玻璃基底陰極歐姆接觸處理工藝和真空光電管封裝技術(shù),完成了PETE器件真空封接；在高真空光電陰極光電特性測量系統(tǒng)中,對器件陰極進行了Cs激活處理工藝,在400℃時測得器件可見光范圍內(nèi)光譜靈敏密度為200mA/W;計算得器件太陽能光子PETE轉(zhuǎn)化效率為10%,符合PETE器件400-C時的轉(zhuǎn)化效率理論值。 三、設(shè)計了PETE太陽能光電／光熱復(fù)合利用系統(tǒng)集成方案,開展了PETE太陽能光電／光熱復(fù)合發(fā)電實驗研究。復(fù)合電池系統(tǒng)在64倍模擬太陽光聚光條件下,PETE器件陰極工作溫度為600K, PETE器件系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換效率為1.5%；通過器件表面防熱量流失處理,能夠明顯改善PETE器件實驗效果,若復(fù)合電池系統(tǒng)在標準日光照條件下,系統(tǒng)聚光比為200倍,PETE陰極工作溫度可以接近1000K,器件系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換效率能夠達到15%。 四、開展了反射式PETE器件可行性分析,并利用飛秒激光加工太陽能電池材料技術(shù),開展了反射式PETE器件陰極表面“陷光”微結(jié)構(gòu)增強太陽光吸收探索性實驗研究。 本論文緊跟國際太陽能復(fù)合利用研究前沿,在斯坦福大學(xué)提出的基于太陽光增強吸收熱電子發(fā)射的PETE原理的太陽能復(fù)合利用思想上,就PETE太陽能能量轉(zhuǎn)換理論模型的建立、PETE器件的設(shè)計與制作以及基于PETE效應(yīng)的太陽能電池集成系統(tǒng)的光電/光伏復(fù)合轉(zhuǎn)換效率分析三個方面展開理論和實驗研究。對比國內(nèi)外目前PETE太陽能利用研究,國際上尚無研究報導(dǎo)的工作創(chuàng)新點如下： 一、建立了PETE陰極電子擴散-發(fā)射模型,并對PETE器件的太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換過程進行分析,提出了通過指數(shù)摻雜方式提高PETE器件陰極轉(zhuǎn)換效率的方式。 二、對透射式PETE器件結(jié)構(gòu)和制作流程進行了設(shè)計,并利用光電器件真空封裝技術(shù)實現(xiàn)PETE能量轉(zhuǎn)換器件陰陽極真空近貼結(jié)構(gòu),有效克服了現(xiàn)有光伏電池pn節(jié)升溫而導(dǎo)致電池失效的問題。 三、結(jié)合聚光技術(shù),光子增強熱電子發(fā)射原理(PETE)和基于Seebeck效應(yīng)的熱電發(fā)電技術(shù),在理論研究基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)了光電／光熱太陽能復(fù)合高效利用原理實驗驗證,并進行了集成系統(tǒng)效率分析。
[Abstract]:The solar energy utilization based on the photon enhanced thermal electron emission (PETE) effect is a new type of wide spectral solar comprehensive utilization in recent years. The PETE solar power generation mode can theoretically realize the light gathering technology, the photovoltaic power technology and the high efficiency combination of the optical and thermal power generation technology, and the theoretical efficiency of the system compound utilization can reach 50%. At present, the research on PETE solar cell devices is not perfect and deep. The previous research on the utilization of PETE solar energy has stayed in the theoretical research. The design and development of PETE devices have not been reported. Based on the establishment and improvement of the theoretical model of PETE devices, the optimization parameters based on PETE devices are given high. The integrated scheme of solar cell system has realized the production of PETE devices based on GaAs transmission cathodes, and completed the demonstration of solar photovoltaic / photothermal composite utilization technology based on the PETE effect based solar cell integration system. It lays a good foundation for the research of the system in which the PETE photovoltaic / light heat compound system is deeply carried out and the specific research content is studied. As follows.
Firstly, based on the establishment of the theoretical model of PETE device, the characteristics of the cathode and yang material affecting the conversion efficiency of the device are carried out, and the key parameters of the PETE device are optimized. By studying and comparing the characteristics of a variety of high temperature photoemission materials, gallium arsenide materials are selected as the efficient PETE cathode of the device, and the exponential gradient of the gallium arsenide cathode is introduced. The doping structure improves the cathodic electron transport capacity and improves the efficiency of the photocathode enhanced Thermo Electron emission. Based on the analysis of the energy transfer process and the system conversion efficiency of the PETE photoelectric / photothermal composite battery system, the total efficiency of the system can reach 25% under the 200 times of the concentration ratio and the design of the cathode working temperature 1000K, of which the PETE device is used. The efficiency is 20%.
Two, based on the design of the structure and fabrication process of transmission PETE devices, the development of PETE devices was completed. The exponential doping structure of high quality GaAs thermo photocathode PETE emitting materials was prepared by MOCVD epitaxial growth technology. The good PETE emission characteristics of the outer GaAs material were verified by the GaAs field induced PETE emission experiment. The anode diamond film materials with function function of 1.1eV were prepared on silicon (Si) substrate by hot wire CVD method. Vacuum sealing of PETE devices was completed through the ohm contact processing technology of glass substrate cathode and vacuum phototube packaging technology, and the Cs activation treatment of the cathode was carried out in the high vacuum photocathode photoelectric characteristic measurement system. The sensitive density of the spectrum in the visible light range of the device was 200mA/W at 400 C, and the conversion efficiency of the solar photon PETE was calculated to be 10%, which accords with the theoretical value of the conversion efficiency of the PETE device 400-C.
Three, the integrated scheme of PETE solar optoelectronic / photothermal composite utilization system is designed, and the experimental study of PETE solar photovoltaic / photothermal composite power generation is carried out. Under the condition of 64 times the simulation of solar light, the working temperature of the PETE device is 600K, the conversion efficiency of the PETE device system is 1.5%, and the loss of heat loss on the surface of the device is carried out. Treatment can obviously improve the experimental results of PETE devices. If the composite battery system is under standard sunlight conditions, the concentration ratio of the system is 200 times, the working temperature of the PETE cathode can be close to 1000K, and the conversion efficiency of the device system can reach 15%..
Four, the feasibility analysis of the reflective PETE device is carried out, and the experimental research on the enhancement of the solar absorption by the "trapping" micro structure of the cathode surface of the reflective PETE device is carried out by using the femtosecond laser to process the solar cell material technology.
This paper follows the international research frontier of solar energy compound utilization. In Stanford University, the theory of solar energy conversion based on the PETE principle of solar light enhancement absorption thermal electron emission is based on the establishment of the theoretical model of PETE solar energy conversion, the design and production of PETE devices and the solar cell integration system based on the PETE effect. The theoretical and Experimental Research on the three aspects of the photoelectric / photovoltaic composite conversion efficiency analysis are carried out. Compared with the current research on PETE solar utilization at home and abroad, there are no research reports in the world as follows:
First, the PETE cathode electron diffusion emission model is established, and the solar energy conversion process of the PETE device is analyzed. The method of improving the cathodic conversion efficiency of the PETE device by exponential doping is proposed.
Two, the structure and process of the transmission PETE device are designed, and the vacuum packaging technology of the optoelectronic devices is used to realize the near post structure of the cathode and Yang vacuum of the PETE energy converter, which effectively overcomes the problem of the battery failure caused by the heating up of the existing photovoltaic cell PN nodes.
Three, on the basis of theoretical research, the experimental verification of the principle of photoelectric / photothermal solar compound efficient utilization is realized and the efficiency analysis of integrated system is carried out based on the theory of PETE and Seebeck effect based thermoelectric power generation technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（西安光學(xué)精密機械研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM914.4

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