本文選題：PWM整流器 + 三相電壓型半橋電路　； 參考：《華南理工大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著半導體功率開關器件的性能不斷的提升，特別是全控型開關器件的性能的提升，，使得電力電子設備上在保證功率密度和整機效率的同時，整機的功率等級也越來越高。眾所周知，由二極管組成的不可控整流電路和相控式整流電路雖然技術(shù)已經(jīng)很成熟、控制簡單、價格便宜，但是它們帶來的大量諧波和無功功率會對電網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生“污染”。使用全控型開關器件和應用PWM(Pulse Width Modulation，脈寬調(diào)制)技術(shù)的PWM整流器可以實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)側(cè)電流的正弦化，也能對諧波進行一定地抑制，甚至能夠?qū)o功功率進行靈活地調(diào)節(jié)。 功率因數(shù)是PWM整流器的應用指標之一。PWM整流器不僅能夠穩(wěn)定其直流輸出電壓，并且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)網(wǎng)側(cè)的功率因數(shù)為1（當功率因數(shù)為1時，PWM整流器處于單位功率因數(shù)整流狀態(tài)；當功率因數(shù)為-1時，處于單位功率因數(shù)逆變狀態(tài)。），也就是實現(xiàn)了電能的雙向傳輸。高功率因數(shù)的PWM整流器可以從根本上對電網(wǎng)減少污染。 本文主要研究基于三相電壓型半橋結(jié)構(gòu)的PWM整流器的高功率因數(shù)控制策略。 三相電壓型PWM整流器是一個強非線性、時變的耦合系統(tǒng)，為使其整流輸出具有優(yōu)良的性能，其控制系統(tǒng)通常采用電壓外環(huán)和電流內(nèi)環(huán)的雙環(huán)控制策略。電壓外環(huán)是為了對PWM整流器的直流側(cè)輸出電壓穩(wěn)定而進行控制。電流內(nèi)環(huán)為實現(xiàn)PWM整流器網(wǎng)側(cè)具有單位功率因數(shù)而對網(wǎng)側(cè)電流進行控制。為了方便電流內(nèi)環(huán)的控制，通常對三相電流進行坐標變換使它們由交流量變成直流量，即使這樣但它們還是存在著變量的耦合，為此采用PI控制器（比例調(diào)節(jié)和積分調(diào)節(jié)）的前饋解耦控制策略，采用PI控制還可以取得無靜差調(diào)節(jié)。由于通過坐標變換后的兩個電流值是PWM整流器網(wǎng)側(cè)吸收（或者發(fā)出）的有功功率和無功功率的直接表現(xiàn)，所以，如果要PWM整流器取得較好的動、靜態(tài)性能，關鍵在于電流內(nèi)環(huán)的控制設計。為此，可以利用最優(yōu)控制理論尋求一種電流內(nèi)環(huán)的時間最優(yōu)控制策略，構(gòu)建電流內(nèi)環(huán)的控制方程。 本文首先對PWM的研究背景及意義進行了簡單的介紹，并對PWM整流器常用的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)進行了歸納和比較。由于本文主要對三相電壓型PWM整流器進行研究，所以詳細地分析了其工作原理和簡單介紹了其主要的輸入輸出的電壓電流波形，然后對其進行數(shù)學模型的建立，包括一般數(shù)學模型和在兩相旋轉(zhuǎn)dq坐標系下的數(shù)學模型。簡單介紹了PWM整流器的控制策略，然后對電流內(nèi)環(huán)加電壓外環(huán)的雙環(huán)控制策略進行了詳細地介紹，包括對電流內(nèi)環(huán)的時間最優(yōu)控制策略進行了介紹，接著介紹了由空間矢量調(diào)制生成開關信號的方式，對兩者的進行結(jié)合就完成了整個系統(tǒng)的控制電路。 根據(jù)PWM整流器的相關理論，在電力電子仿真軟件PSIM里進行了三相電壓型PWM整流器仿真模型的搭建，并對相關控制算法進行驗證。 根據(jù)三相電壓型PWM整流器仿真模型搭建了實驗平臺，對實驗平臺的搭建進行了詳細地介紹，對仿真模型進行了驗證。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of the performance of the semiconductor power switch devices, especially the performance of the fully controlled switch devices, the power electronic equipment is also increasing the power level of the whole machine while guaranteeing the power density and the efficiency of the whole machine. As we all know, the uncontrollable rectifier circuit and the phase controlled rectifier circuit formed by the diode group are well known. But the technology is already very mature, easy to control and cheap, but the great amount of harmonic and reactive power that they bring will cause "pollution" to the power grid. Using full control switch device and the PWM rectifier using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation) technology can realize the sinusoidal current of the network side, and can also restrain the harmonic. It can even adjust the reactive power flexibly.
The power factor is one of the application indicators of the PWM rectifier..PWM rectifier can not only stabilize its DC output voltage, but also realize the power factor of the network side to 1 (when the power factor is 1, the PWM rectifier is in a unit power factor rectifying state; when the power factor is -1, it is in the state of the unit power factor inverter.) that is, the realization of the power factor. The bidirectional transmission of electric energy. PWM rectifier with high power factor can fundamentally reduce pollution to the power grid.
This paper mainly studies the high power factor control strategy of PWM rectifier based on three phase voltage half bridge structure.
The three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier is a strongly nonlinear, time-varying coupling system. In order to make its rectifying output with excellent performance, the control system usually adopts the double loop control strategy of the external voltage loop and the current inner loop. The voltage outer loop is designed to control the DC side output voltage stability of the PWM rectifier. The current inner loop is to realize the PWM whole. The network side has a unit power factor to control the current side current. In order to facilitate the control of the current inner loop, the three-phase current is usually transformed from the alternating current to the direct flow, even though they still have the coupling of the variables, so the feedforward decoupling control of the PI controller (proportional and integral adjustment) is used. The strategy of PI control can also achieve no static adjustment. Since the two current values after the coordinate transformation are the direct performance of the active power and reactive power of the PWM Rectifier's net side absorption (or emit), the key lies in the control design of the inner loop if the PWM rectifier is to get better dynamic and static energy. The optimal control theory is used to find a time optimal control strategy for the current inner loop, and the control equation of the current inner loop is constructed.
In this paper, the background and significance of PWM are briefly introduced, and the common topology of PWM rectifier is summarized and compared. Because this paper mainly studies the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier, the principle of its work and the voltage and current waveform of its main input and output are analyzed in detail. After that, the mathematical model is established, including the general mathematical model and the mathematical model in the two phase rotating dq coordinate system. The control strategy of the PWM rectifier is briefly introduced. Then the double loop control strategy of the current loop and the external loop is introduced in detail, including the time optimal control strategy of the current inner loop. Then it introduces the way of generating switch signals from space vector modulation, and completes the control circuit of the whole system by combining them.
According to the related theory of the PWM rectifier, the simulation model of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier is built in the power electronic simulation software PSIM, and the related control algorithms are verified.
The experimental platform is built according to the simulation model of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier, and the construction of the experimental platform is introduced in detail, and the simulation model is verified.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM461

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本文編號：1986324