本文選題：光伏電池 + 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)�。� 參考：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,化石能源逐漸匱乏,環(huán)境問題日益突出,尋求清潔、可再生能源已成為當(dāng)下解決能源問題的根本途徑。光伏發(fā)電以其資源儲(chǔ)量大、清潔環(huán)保等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為目前最具大規(guī)模開發(fā)、利用前景的新能源利用方式之一。由于光伏電池輸出功率受輻照強(qiáng)度、環(huán)境溫度以及負(fù)載特性等外部因素影響劇烈,因此盡管光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)已曰趨成熟但仍存在發(fā)電效率低、成本偏高等問題。為了提高光伏電池對太陽能的利用效率,光伏電池應(yīng)能及時(shí)適應(yīng)外部環(huán)境變化而始終工作在最大功率點(diǎn)處。因此,深入研究光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)行為特性與最大功率跟蹤方法(MPPT)是一項(xiàng)非常有意義的工作。 本文以光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)為研究對象,在研究了光伏電池工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,建立起光伏電池的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并詳細(xì)分析了光伏電池的輸出特性；基于對光伏系統(tǒng)具有最大光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率的考慮,對比幾種常見DC/DC變換電路,提出由Buck電壓轉(zhuǎn)換電路來實(shí)現(xiàn)最大功率跟蹤；通過對光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)行為特性、光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中重要參數(shù)的詳細(xì)分析,研究對比了幾種最大功率跟蹤控制策略的控制效果。 首先,本文從光伏發(fā)電的物理基礎(chǔ)(光生伏特效應(yīng))出發(fā),通過分析光伏電池的等效電路,利用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平臺建立光伏電池的仿真模型；在此基礎(chǔ)上研究光伏電池的輸出特性；通過對光伏電池等效串聯(lián)內(nèi)阻的分析,簡化仿真模型,方便最大功率控制策略的分析與研究。 其次,通過對獨(dú)立光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)的分析,比較幾種常見的DC/DC變換電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),選定由Buck變換器實(shí)現(xiàn)MPPT算法；在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上建立起由Buck變換器為基礎(chǔ)的光伏電池最大功率跟蹤仿真系統(tǒng),并分析光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)行為特性,同時(shí)對其中幾個(gè)重要參數(shù)的作用進(jìn)行研究。 最后,尋找光伏電池的最優(yōu)工作點(diǎn),最大化光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率,是光伏發(fā)電的核心內(nèi)容。其中,應(yīng)用最為廣泛的最大功率點(diǎn)是艮蹤控制方法是擾動(dòng)觀察法和電導(dǎo)增量法。本文從原理上詳細(xì)描述了擾動(dòng)觀測法、基于功率預(yù)測的擾動(dòng)觀測法以及模糊控制等常見MPPT技術(shù),并在MATLAB仿真平臺的基礎(chǔ)上,對幾種常用的MPPT技術(shù)進(jìn)行了仿真研究,提出改進(jìn)的MPPT算法——模糊PID算法。仿真結(jié)果表明,模糊PID控制算法具有明顯優(yōu)勢,可以在外界環(huán)境突然變化的情況下快速、準(zhǔn)確的跟蹤光伏陣列的最大功率點(diǎn),并顯著減小光伏陣列在最大功率點(diǎn)附近的振蕩,最大程度的降低由此帶來的能量損失,提高了光伏系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電效率,相對于普通MPPT算法具有優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of human society, fossil energy is gradually scarce, environmental problems become increasingly prominent, the search for clean, renewable energy has become the basic way to solve the energy problem. Photovoltaic power generation has become one of the most large-scale development and utilization of new energy with the advantages of large reserves, clean and environmental protection. Because the output power of photovoltaic cells is strongly affected by external factors such as radiation intensity, ambient temperature and load characteristics, although photovoltaic power generation technology has become more mature, there are still some problems such as low efficiency and high cost. In order to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization, photovoltaic cells should be able to adapt to the changes of external environment and always work at the maximum power point. Therefore, it is very meaningful to study the dynamic behavior and the maximum power tracking method of photovoltaic system. On the basis of studying the working principle of photovoltaic cell, the mathematical model of photovoltaic cell is established, and the output characteristic of photovoltaic cell is analyzed in detail. Based on the consideration of the maximum photovoltaic conversion efficiency of photovoltaic system, compared with several common DC/DC conversion circuits, a Buck voltage conversion circuit is proposed to achieve maximum power tracking. Based on the detailed analysis of important parameters in photovoltaic power generation system, the control effects of several maximum power tracking control strategies are studied and compared. First of all, based on the physical basis of photovoltaic generation (photovolt effect), by analyzing the equivalent circuit of photovoltaic cells, the simulation model of photovoltaic cells is established by using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform, and the output characteristics of photovoltaic cells are studied. By analyzing the equivalent series internal resistance of photovoltaic cells, the simulation model is simplified to facilitate the analysis and research of the maximum power control strategy. Secondly, by analyzing the characteristics of the independent photovoltaic power generation system, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of several common DC/DC conversion circuit topologies, Buck converter is selected to implement the MPPT algorithm. Based on the theoretical analysis, a photovoltaic cell maximum power tracking simulation system based on Buck converter is established, and the dynamic behavior of photovoltaic power generation system is analyzed. At the same time, some important parameters are studied. Finally, it is the core content of photovoltaic power generation to find the optimal working point and maximize the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. The most widely used maximum power point is the perturbation observation method and conductance increment method. In this paper, some common MPPT techniques, such as disturbance observation method, disturbance observation method based on power prediction and fuzzy control, are described in detail in principle. Based on the MATLAB simulation platform, several common MPPT techniques are simulated and studied. An improved MPPT algorithm, fuzzy PID algorithm, is proposed. The simulation results show that the fuzzy PID control algorithm has obvious advantages, it can track the maximum power points of photovoltaic arrays quickly and accurately in the case of sudden changes in the external environment, and significantly reduce the oscillation of photovoltaic arrays near the maximum power points. It can reduce the energy loss and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic system, which is superior to the conventional MPPT algorithm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張春龍;廖志凌;劉國海;;一種基于ON/OFF控制的太陽能電池MPPT控制器[J];電測與儀表;2009年05期

2 劉邦銀;段善旭;劉飛;徐鵬威;;基于改進(jìn)擾動(dòng)觀察法的光伏陣列最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤[J];電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào);2009年06期

3 田淑杭,姜麗娟;一種參數(shù)自整定模糊PID控制器的研究[J];電氣傳動(dòng)自動(dòng)化;2003年06期

4 王建寶;南海鵬;余向陽;吳羅長;陳亞娟;;基于模糊控制的光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)研究[J];電氣技術(shù);2011年05期

5 翟艷爍;馬林生;趙全香;趙偉靜;舒戀;;太陽能光伏電池的建模與仿真[J];電氣開關(guān);2012年03期

6 張艷霞;趙杰;鄧中原;;太陽能光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的建模和仿真[J];高電壓技術(shù);2010年12期

7 崔文智;于松強(qiáng);李隆鍵;;太陽能電熱聯(lián)用系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析[J];工程熱物理學(xué)報(bào);2009年06期

8 樸政國;安悅珩;張永昌;胡長斌;;光伏電池電路理論模型在工程應(yīng)用中的計(jì)算方法[J];東南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2012年S1期

9 尹亮;宮文寧;;模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制算法分析[J];變頻器世界;2011年09期

10 許佳雄;姚若河;耿魁偉;;用LambertW函數(shù)求解太陽能電池的串聯(lián)電阻[J];華南理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2010年06期

，

本文編號：1979480