本文選題：風(fēng)力機(jī) + 粒子圖像測(cè)速技術(shù)��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：作為可再生清潔能源中的一種,風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)在世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)展迅速,得到了愈來愈多的重視。大容量的風(fēng)電機(jī)組及大規(guī)模風(fēng)電場(chǎng)已成為了當(dāng)今風(fēng)能開發(fā)的主流,使得風(fēng)電場(chǎng)中風(fēng)力機(jī)組優(yōu)化布置的重要性日益突顯,而尾流效應(yīng)就是其中主要的影響因素之一。風(fēng)力機(jī)的尾流不僅對(duì)下游風(fēng)力機(jī)的出力產(chǎn)生影響,降低下游風(fēng)力機(jī)的發(fā)電量,同時(shí),尾流區(qū)受葉尖漩渦影響,流場(chǎng)湍流強(qiáng)度加劇,表現(xiàn)為作用于風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片上的空氣荷載增加,會(huì)引起風(fēng)力機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞損壞,降低使用壽命,均直接關(guān)系到風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 為了減少或避免風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流效應(yīng)的影響,首先必須掌握風(fēng)力機(jī)的尾流流場(chǎng)特性,對(duì)其進(jìn)行正確的認(rèn)識(shí)和描述。目前,大多數(shù)的分析及預(yù)估水平軸風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流特性的方法都基于過多的假設(shè),無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確描述風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流的三維流場(chǎng)特性和葉尖渦的演變及影響。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度來看,需要對(duì)水平軸風(fēng)力機(jī)的尾流流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的試驗(yàn)研究,以形成更加完善的尾流理論體系；另一方面,對(duì)提高風(fēng)力機(jī)的氣動(dòng)特性計(jì)算水平和風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的流場(chǎng)分析水平,以更合理地布置風(fēng)力機(jī)組起到重要作用,進(jìn)一步提高風(fēng)電場(chǎng)出力的預(yù)測(cè)精度。因此,對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流流場(chǎng)特性的研究十分必要和緊迫。 本文通過理論分析和試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)相結(jié)合的方法,利用三維粒子圖像測(cè)速技術(shù),開展了水平軸風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流流場(chǎng)的風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)研究,具體的工作內(nèi)容及研究成果如下： (1)在試驗(yàn)的前期準(zhǔn)備工作中,進(jìn)行了風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)段流場(chǎng)品質(zhì)的評(píng)估。利用熱線風(fēng)速儀,探討了空風(fēng)洞流場(chǎng)的均勻性和穩(wěn)定性,進(jìn)而分析了適合于風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流測(cè)量的風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)段范圍,并為模型風(fēng)力機(jī)尺寸大小的確定提供了參考,進(jìn)一步減少因風(fēng)洞環(huán)境的不穩(wěn)定性造成的測(cè)量誤差。 (2)介紹了試驗(yàn)所需的模型風(fēng)力機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)過程�；谌~素—?jiǎng)恿坷碚?利用Wilson設(shè)計(jì)理論,通過MATLAB編程工具,對(duì)模型風(fēng)力機(jī)的葉片進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),最后進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)制作,確定了本試驗(yàn)所采用的模型風(fēng)力機(jī)。 (3)在風(fēng)洞中開展了模型風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流流場(chǎng)的試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)研究。利用(2)中設(shè)計(jì)的模型風(fēng)力機(jī),在兩個(gè)尖速比工況下,通過三維粒子圖像測(cè)速技術(shù),捕獲了高分辨率的、三維瞬態(tài)的尾流流場(chǎng)信息,揭示了完整的風(fēng)力機(jī)葉尖渦的發(fā)展及湮滅過程。 經(jīng)分析,得到了尾流速度場(chǎng)分布和葉尖渦運(yùn)動(dòng)的相關(guān)性規(guī)律。葉尖渦從葉片葉尖脫落后,在向下游運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程中,其螺旋狀運(yùn)動(dòng)形態(tài)阻礙了尾流區(qū)內(nèi)部的速度恢復(fù),在風(fēng)力機(jī)后方形成了一個(gè)軸向速度虧損區(qū),該區(qū)域延伸至葉尖渦“交替跳躍”位置處。此后,葉尖渦耗散,其軌跡的屏蔽作用開始減弱,在周圍流場(chǎng)的動(dòng)能補(bǔ)給下,尾流區(qū)內(nèi)的軸向速度逐漸恢復(fù)。 (4)利用試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)目前工程上應(yīng)用較為廣泛的尾流數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算模型進(jìn)行了對(duì)比驗(yàn)證。分析的結(jié)果顯示,這些模型由于存在不同的假設(shè)和簡(jiǎn)化,與試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的相符程度各不相同,其精度還有待提高。 (5)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有尾流計(jì)算模型的不足,在試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流射流模型進(jìn)行了修正。通過對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析,提出了基于葉尖渦“交替跳躍”現(xiàn)象的風(fēng)力機(jī)近、遠(yuǎn)尾流區(qū)的分區(qū)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并推導(dǎo)了近尾流區(qū)長(zhǎng)度的計(jì)算公式。將風(fēng)力機(jī)近尾流區(qū)的流場(chǎng)特征與射流理論相結(jié)合,修正了尾流射流模型,進(jìn)而提高了尾流計(jì)算的精度。 通過本文的研究,揭示了水平軸風(fēng)力機(jī)尾流流場(chǎng)的物理機(jī)理,明確了尾流分區(qū)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),改善了尾流射流模型的計(jì)算精度,使之更適用于風(fēng)電場(chǎng)尾流效應(yīng)的評(píng)估。
[Abstract]:As one of the renewable clean energy sources , wind power generation technology has developed rapidly in the world . The large - capacity wind turbine unit and large - scale wind farm have become the main factors of wind energy development . The wake effect is one of the main influencing factors . The wake flow of the wind turbine not only affects the output of the downstream wind turbine , but also increases the turbulence intensity of the flow field .

In order to reduce or avoid the influence of wind turbine wake effect , it is necessary to understand and describe the characteristics of wake flow field of wind turbine . At present , most of the methods for analyzing and estimating wake characteristics of horizontal axis wind turbine are based on too many assumptions , which can not accurately describe the three - dimensional flow field characteristics of wind turbine wake and the influence of tip vortex .
On the other hand , it is necessary and urgent to study the characteristics of wind turbine wake flow field by improving the calculation level of aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine and the flow field analysis level of wind farm .

Through the combination of theoretical analysis and experimental observation , the wind tunnel test of the wake flow field of a horizontal axis wind turbine is carried out by using the three - dimensional particle image velocity measurement technology , and the specific work contents and the research results are as follows :

( 1 ) In the pre - preparation work of the test , the flow field quality of the wind tunnel test section is evaluated . The uniformity and stability of the flow field in the air tunnel are discussed by using the hot wire anemometer , and the range of the wind tunnel test section suitable for the wind turbine wake measurement is analyzed , and the reference is provided for the determination of the size of the model wind turbine , and the measurement error caused by the instability of the wind tunnel environment is further reduced .

( 2 ) The design process of the model wind turbine required by the experiment is introduced . Based on the theory of blade - momentum theory , using the theory of Wilson ' s design , the blade of the model wind turbine is optimized by MATLAB programming tool . Finally , the production and manufacture are carried out , and the model wind turbine used in this test is determined .

( 3 ) In the wind tunnel , a model wind turbine wake flow field experiment observation research is carried out . Using the model wind turbine designed in ( 2 ) , a high - resolution and three - dimensional transient wake flow field information is captured by using a three - dimensional particle image velocity measurement technique under the condition of two sharp - speed ratio conditions , and the development and annihilation process of the full wind turbine blade tip vortex is revealed .

After the tip - tip vortex shedding from the tip of the blade , the helical movement of the tip vortex blocks the velocity recovery inside the wake region , and an axial velocity loss region is formed behind the wind turbine .

( 4 ) By using the experimental data , the comparison and verification of the widely applied wake - flow mathematical model is carried out on the current project . The results show that these models are different from the experimental data because of the different assumptions and simplification , and the accuracy of these models is to be improved .

( 5 ) Aiming at the deficiency of the existing tail current calculation model , the jet model of wind turbine wake flow is modified on the basis of experimental data . By analyzing the experimental results , the regional standard of the near and far end flow area of the wind turbine based on the " alternating jump " phenomenon of the tip vortex is put forward , and the calculation formula of the length of the near wake flow area is derived . The flow field characteristics of the near wake flow area of the wind turbine are combined with the jet theory , the wake jet model is corrected , and the accuracy of the wake flow calculation is improved .

Through the research in this paper , the physical mechanism of wake flow field in the horizontal axis wind turbine is revealed , the standard of wake partitioning is defined , the calculation precision of wake flow model is improved , and it is more suitable for the evaluation of wake effect of wind farm .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

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本文編號(hào)：1923822