本文選題：Savonius風機 + 扭曲葉片��； 參考：《浙江大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：能源是推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、促進社會進步的重要基礎,當今世界正面臨礦產(chǎn)資源耗竭的硬性制約和全球環(huán)境污染的巨大壓力,因此改進能源產(chǎn)業(yè)結構,開發(fā)可再生能源,已成為全球關注的焦點。風能是一種清潔無污染的可再生能源,由于其儲量豐富,開發(fā)成本較低,隨著我國能源產(chǎn)業(yè)結構的改革,風能的開發(fā)利用必將對經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生深遠影響。 風力發(fā)電是目前技術較為成熟的一種風能利用方式,垂直軸風機在小型風力發(fā)電領域應用比較廣泛,其中Savonius風機由于啟動風速較低、氣動噪聲較小不受風向限制等特點受到廣泛關注。但是Savonius風機輸出的轉矩具有周期變化的特點,周期性的轉矩會導致風機輸出功率的變化,容易引起電力系統(tǒng)電壓與頻率的變動,也會對風機的旋轉軸產(chǎn)生頻繁的沖擊,影響風機的耐久性；同時由于主要依靠迎風面的動力矩與阻力矩之差來做功,Savonius風機的動轉矩系數(shù)較低,導致風能利用系數(shù)較低。 葉片是風機最重要的部件之一,葉片結構的優(yōu)化設計將最大程度的改善風機性能。針對傳統(tǒng)Savonius風機的上述缺點,本文提出一種葉片扭曲變形的策略,結合葉片重疊比、葉片高徑比、葉片扭角、葉片弧度等葉片結構參數(shù),對葉片結構進行變異設計,并利用計算流體力學(CFD)數(shù)值模擬方法研究不同結構參數(shù)對于風機動轉矩輸出性能的影響。首先利用Matlab結合Pro/E對風機葉片三維模型進行參數(shù)化建模；然后利用ANSYS Workbench作為協(xié)同仿真環(huán)境平臺建立仿真體系,依據(jù)Meshing中制定的網(wǎng)格劃分策略和Fluent中設置的求解方案,對不同結構參數(shù)Savonius風機葉片的旋轉運動進行動態(tài)仿真。 利用多項式回歸、正交試驗、交互作用試驗等數(shù)據(jù)分析方法,對不同結構參數(shù)進行合理的試驗安排。以降低風機葉片動轉矩震蕩幅度、提高整體動轉矩輸出能力為優(yōu)化目標,以動轉矩系數(shù)曲線、動轉矩系數(shù)極差、平均動轉矩系數(shù)等為評價指標,對不同結構參數(shù)風機葉片的動轉矩輸出性能進行分析對比,確定合理的葉片結構參數(shù)分布范圍,并根據(jù)葉片附近壓強分布、速度矢量分布等流場特征分析葉片各結構參數(shù)變化對于風機葉片動轉矩輸出性能的影響機理。 利用流固耦合仿真分析方法,根據(jù)葉片表面應力分布及形變分布對優(yōu)化前后Savonius風機葉片的力學性能進行分析對比,對比發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化后葉片結構強度有所下降,故設計隔板作為扭曲葉片的輔助結構以改善其力學性能。以葉片動轉矩輸出性能為優(yōu)化目標,對隔板參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化分析,確定合理的隔板分布方式,利用流固耦合仿真分析方法驗證其力學性能,并根據(jù)流場特征分析隔板作用機理。 本文以葉片動轉矩輸出性能為優(yōu)化目標,采用葉片扭曲策略和添加輔助結構等方式對Savonius風機葉片進行了結構優(yōu)化設計,優(yōu)化過程中所得到的數(shù)據(jù)及結論可以為工程應用中風機葉片的設計提供數(shù)據(jù)支持,以降低工程設計的工作量和盲目性；文中葉片各結構參數(shù)變化以及輔助結構對于動轉矩輸出性能的影響機理,可以為進一步的研究提供理論支持。
[Abstract]:Energy is an important basis for promoting economic development and promoting social progress. Today, the world is facing the hard constraints of the depletion of mineral resources and the enormous pressure of the global environmental pollution. Therefore, the improvement of the energy industry structure and the development of renewable energy has become the focus of the global concern. The development and utilization of wind energy will have a profound influence on the coordinated development of economy, society and environment with the reform of the energy industry structure in China.
Wind power generation is a more mature method of wind energy utilization at present. Vertical shaft fan is widely used in the field of small wind power generation. The Savonius fan is widely concerned because of low starting wind speed, small aerodynamic noise and no wind direction restriction. But the torque of Savonius fan output has the characteristic of periodic variation. The periodic torque will lead to the change of the output power of the fan, which can easily cause the change of the voltage and frequency of the power system. It will also have frequent impact on the rotating shaft of the fan, and affect the durability of the fan. At the same time, the dynamic torque coefficient of the Savonius fan is low because it mainly depends on the difference of the dynamic moment of the upwind surface and the resistance moment. The utilization coefficient of wind energy is low.
Blade is one of the most important parts of the fan, and the optimum design of the blade structure will improve the performance of the fan to the greatest extent. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional Savonius fan, a strategy of blade distortion is proposed, which combines blade overlap ratio, blade height to diameter ratio, blade twist angle, blade arc and so on, and the blade structure is carried out. Variation design, and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method to study the influence of different structural parameters on the performance of wind motor torque output. First, Matlab combined with Pro/E is used to model the 3D model of fan blade, and then ANSYS Workbench is used as a simulation environment platform to build simulation system, based on Meshing The meshing strategy and the solution scheme set up in Fluent are used to dynamically simulate the rotational motion of Savonius blades with different structural parameters.
By using data analysis methods such as polynomial regression, orthogonal test and interaction test, the reasonable experimental arrangement for different structural parameters is carried out to reduce the dynamic torque vibration amplitude of the fan blade and improve the overall dynamic torque output capacity as the optimization target. The dynamic torque coefficient curve, the dynamic torque coefficient extreme difference, the average dynamic torque coefficient and so on are the evaluation points. The dynamic torque output performance of the fan blade with different structural parameters is analyzed and compared, and the reasonable distribution range of the blade structure parameters is determined. According to the pressure distribution near the blade and the velocity vector distribution, the influence mechanism of the change of the structural parameters of the blade on the dynamic torque output performance of the fan blade is analyzed.
Based on the flow and solid coupling simulation analysis method, the mechanical properties of Savonius fan blades were analyzed and compared according to the stress distribution and deformation distribution of the blade surface. It was found that the structural strength of the blade was decreased after the optimization, so the design partition was used as the auxiliary structure of the twisted blade to improve its mechanical performance. The dynamic torque transmission of the blade was carried out. The performance is the optimization target, the partition parameter is optimized and the reasonable partition mode is determined. The mechanics performance of the partition is verified by the fluid solid coupling simulation analysis method, and the function mechanism of the baffle is analyzed according to the characteristics of the flow field.
In this paper, the blade dynamic torque output performance is optimized, the blade twisting strategy and auxiliary structure are used to optimize the structure of the blade of the Savonius fan. The data and conclusions obtained in the optimization process can provide data support for the design of the apoplexy blade in the engineering application, in order to reduce the workload of the engineering design. The influence mechanism of the changes of the structure parameters and the auxiliary structure on the dynamic torque output performance in this paper can provide theoretical support for further research.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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