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  本文選題：PbS量子點 + 異質(zhì)結(jié)太陽能電池��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：摘要：太陽能電池應(yīng)用前景廣闊,現(xiàn)有太陽能電池存在明顯的缺陷,開發(fā)一種新型太陽能電池材料勢在必行。量子點材料和石墨烯材料具有特殊的光電性能,是太陽能電池新材料的研究熱點。本文以研究PbS量子點材料和石墨烯復(fù)合材料在太陽能電池中的應(yīng)用為出發(fā)點,分別制備了PbS量子點材料、石墨烯材料、石墨烯摻雜二氧化硅復(fù)合材料和石墨烯摻雜四氧化三錳復(fù)合材料,并系統(tǒng)研究了上述材料在太陽能電池中的應(yīng)用。 通過化學(xué)合成的方法,使反應(yīng)物通過有機(jī)體系溶解成前驅(qū)體,混合后瞬間高溫成核生長,然后迅速降溫抑制產(chǎn)物繼續(xù)生長。通過上述實驗過程制備了PbS量子點材料,通過近紅外吸收光譜、XRD、TEM等表征手段證明制備的量子點表面缺陷少,具有明顯的量子尺寸效應(yīng)和量子限域效應(yīng),粒徑分布在5nm左右。將PbS量子點和TiO2納晶薄膜制備成異質(zhì)結(jié)太陽能電池,通過測試組裝的I-V曲線,可知其效率達(dá)0.65%,并且用掃描電鏡觀察到所制備的異質(zhì)結(jié)電池結(jié)構(gòu)完整。 以氧化石墨烯(GO)為原料,通過水合肼熱還原法制備出具有氧化還原催化性能的新型碳材料石墨烯(RGO)。并將化學(xué)性能非常穩(wěn)定的二氧化硅摻雜入RGO中,制備成RGO/SiO2復(fù)合材料。將RGO和RGO/SiO2復(fù)合材料用刮涂法制成對電極,通過XRD,XPS,SEM測試手段考察了兩種材料的微觀形貌及增強(qiáng)機(jī)制,并用CV,TAFEL,EIS測試方法測試并比較了RGO及RGO/SiO2復(fù)合材料對電極的催化能力。將兩種材料應(yīng)用于染料敏化太陽能電池中,進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的測試,其中采用RGO/SiO2對電極組裝成的電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率達(dá)到4.03%。比較發(fā)現(xiàn),通過摻雜Si02,電池效率提高了37.5%。 將MnO2混合入GO中,加入水合肼,將混合物還原成RGO/Mn3O4復(fù)合材料。通過XRD,XPS,FTIR,SEM,TEM,氮?dú)獾奈胶兔摳綄嶒灥葴y試手段確定了RGO/Mn3O4的物相組成和微觀形貌,將不同比例的RGO和Mn3O4制備成RGO/Mn3O4-1、RGO/Mn3O4-2、RGO/Mn3O4-3對電極,并用CV, TAFEL, EIS測試手法比較了三者的催化能力。將三種對電極材料應(yīng)用于染料敏化太陽能電池中,進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的測試,其中RGO/Mn3O4-2對電極的電池效率最高,為5.90%,RGO/Mn3O4-1次之,RGO/Mn3O4-3最低。所有的實驗過程均在大氣環(huán)境中進(jìn)行,并且制備成的對電極薄膜在組裝電池時不易脫落,制備方法簡單,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前途。
[Abstract]:Abstract: solar cells have a wide application prospect, and the existing solar cells have obvious defects, so it is imperative to develop a new solar cell material. Quantum dot materials and graphene materials have special optoelectronic properties, so they are the research focus of new solar cell materials. In order to study the application of PbS quantum dot materials and graphene composite materials in solar cells, PbS quantum dot materials and graphene materials were prepared, respectively. The applications of graphene doped silica composites and graphene doped manganese trioxide composites in solar cells were systematically studied. By means of chemical synthesis, the reactants were dissolved into precursors through organic system, then nucleated at high temperature immediately after mixing, and then the products continued to grow under rapid cooling. The PbS quantum dots were prepared through the above experimental process. The surface defects of the prepared QDs were less than those of the QDs by near infrared absorption spectra, and the QDs had obvious quantum size effect and quantum limiting effect, and the particle size distribution was about 5nm. The heterojunction solar cells were prepared by PbS quantum dots and TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films. The I-V curves showed that the efficiency of the heterojunction solar cells was 0.65 and the structure of the heterojunction solar cells was observed by scanning electron microscope. Using graphene oxide (GOO) as raw material, a new type of carbon material with catalytic activity of redox was prepared by hydrazine hydrate thermal reduction method. The RGO/SiO2 composites were prepared by doping silicon dioxide, which has very stable chemical properties, into RGO. The RGO and RGO/SiO2 composites were made into pair electrodes by scraping method. The microstructure and strengthening mechanism of the two materials were investigated by means of XRDX / RGO/SiO2 SEM. The catalytic properties of RGO and RGO/SiO2 composites to the electrodes were tested and compared by CVT FELLE EIS method. Two kinds of materials were applied to dye sensitized solar cells for further test. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells assembled with RGO/SiO2 was 4.03. It was found that the efficiency of the battery increased by 37.5% by doping Si 02. MnO2 was mixed into go and hydrazine hydrate was added to reduce the mixture to RGO/Mn3O4 composite. The phase composition and micromorphology of RGO/Mn3O4 were determined by means of XRDX, RGO/Mn3O4, adsorption and desorption experiments of nitrogen. The RGO- / Mn-3O4-1C / RGO-Mn3O4-2GROP / Mn3O4-2 RGO-Mn3O4-2 RGO-Mn3O4-3O4-3 electrode was prepared by means of CV, TAFEL, EIS. The catalytic activity of the three electrodes was compared by CV, TAFEL, EIS. Three kinds of counter electrode materials were applied to dye sensitized solar cells. The results showed that RGO/Mn3O4-2 had the highest efficiency for the electrode, followed by 5.90 RGOMn-Mn3O4-1 and the lowest for RGO-Mn3O4-3. All the experimental processes were carried out in the atmosphere, and the prepared counter electrode thin films were not easy to fall off when the batteries were assembled, so the preparation method was simple and had a broad application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM914.4

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本文編號：1890828