本文選題：高速鐵路 + 復(fù)合絕緣子　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：列車運(yùn)行時(shí),車頂絕緣子處于高速氣流環(huán)境中,污穢在絕緣子表面分布不均勻,容易引起車頂絕緣子閃絡(luò)。同時(shí),在霧、雨環(huán)境中接觸網(wǎng)上可能凝結(jié)水滴,列車運(yùn)行時(shí),車頂受電弓與接觸網(wǎng)接觸,水滴沿受流設(shè)備流動(dòng)、滴落,引起車頂電場畸變,誘發(fā)閃絡(luò)。尤其是近幾年來,霧、雨環(huán)境造成車頂絕緣子閃絡(luò)的問題更加突出。當(dāng)前,電氣化鐵路復(fù)雜環(huán)境絕緣閃絡(luò)問題的理論研究尚不深入,工程上還沒有很好解決該問題的系統(tǒng)方案,成為制約列車安全、穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的潛在威脅。在電氣化鐵路快速發(fā)展背景下,研究高速氣流環(huán)境車頂絕緣子積污特性及閃絡(luò)機(jī)理對保證高速鐵路的安全運(yùn)行具有重要的意義。本文對高速列車強(qiáng)氣流環(huán)境車頂絕緣子積污特性及其對閃絡(luò)的影響機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探索,根據(jù)車頂電場分析提出車頂設(shè)備優(yōu)化方法。分析了高速氣流環(huán)境污穢顆粒受力特點(diǎn)；建立多相流體模型,討論了污穢顆粒在高速氣流中的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)；引入聚團(tuán)流化理論分析污穢在絕緣子表面的粘附特性；結(jié)合試驗(yàn),研究了污穢顆粒、氣流流速、來流角度等對絕緣子表面積污分布的影響；依據(jù)分析,得到了高速氣流環(huán)境絕緣子表面積污分布函數(shù),提出一種分布函數(shù)測量方案；比較絕緣子傘裙傾角、傘裙間距、傘裙組合類型等不同的傘裙設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)絕緣子積污狀況；在減小表面積污角度,提出絕緣子的設(shè)計(jì)方法。在電氣化鐵路車頂絕緣子污穢組成及污穢分布研究的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了污穢性質(zhì)及污穢分布對絕緣子表面電場的影響。討論了接近實(shí)際分布狀況時(shí),不同傘裙設(shè)計(jì)對沿面電場的影響；在降低電場畸變的角度,提出絕緣子設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化方法。根據(jù)高速氣流環(huán)境車頂絕緣子沿絕緣子方向及環(huán)繞絕緣子方向污穢的不均勻性,提出污穢非均勻分布閃絡(luò)時(shí)剩余電阻的計(jì)算方法；比較不同污穢分布狀況絕緣子閃絡(luò)特性,得到污穢沿面分布與環(huán)繞絕緣子非均勻分布對閃絡(luò)電壓的影響特性。采集成都一青城山高速鐵路沿線犀浦段污穢,建立了污穢失水模型,結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了電氣化鐵路污穢失水過程中的電學(xué)特性；得出絕緣子染污程度的表征參量及表征方法。根據(jù)高速列車車頂受流設(shè)備的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),分析了接觸網(wǎng)上水滴在車頂部件降落過程,比較了有效導(dǎo)電水滴對車頂空間電場影響,提出了一種車頂電場整體畸變狀況的表征方法；計(jì)算了沿接觸網(wǎng)水滴分布,降落位置、車頂絕緣、列車速度等對車頂電場的影響程度；比較車頂不同設(shè)計(jì)方式電場分布狀況,提出了車頂高壓設(shè)備優(yōu)化方案。
[Abstract]:When the train is running, the roof insulator is in the high speed airflow environment, and the contamination is distributed unevenly on the insulator surface, which can easily cause the roof insulator to flashover. At the same time, in the fog and rain environment, the contact network may condensate water droplets. When the train is running, the pantograph of the roof contacts with the catenary, and the water droplets flow along the receiving equipment and drop, which causes the electric field distortion of the roof and induces the flashover. Especially in recent years, the problem of roof insulator flashover caused by fog and rain environment is more prominent. At present, the theoretical research on complex environment insulation and flashover of electrified railway is not deep, and there is no systematic scheme to solve this problem in engineering, which becomes a potential threat to train safety and stable operation. In the context of the rapid development of electrified railway, it is of great significance to study the fouling characteristics and flashover mechanism of roof insulators in high-speed airflow environment to ensure the safe operation of high-speed railway. In this paper, the fouling characteristics of roof insulators and its influence on flashover in high speed train are explored, and the optimization method of roof equipment is put forward according to the analysis of roof electric field. The stress characteristics of polluted particles in high speed airflow environment are analyzed, the multiphase fluid model is established, and the motion state of polluted particles in high speed airflow is discussed. The adhesion characteristics of contamination on insulator surface are analyzed by introducing cluster fluidization theory. Based on the analysis, the pollution distribution function of insulator surface area in high speed airflow environment is obtained, and a measuring scheme of distribution function is put forward. This paper compares the insulator fouling in the design of the insulator skirt with different inclination angle, the distance between the parachute skirt and the combination type of the umbrella skirt, and puts forward the design method of the insulator in order to reduce the surface area pollution angle. Based on the study of pollution composition and pollution distribution of roof insulators in electrified railway, the influence of pollution properties and pollution distribution on the surface electric field of insulators is analyzed. The influence of different design of umbrella skirt on the electric field along the plane is discussed, and the optimization method of insulator design is put forward in order to reduce the distortion of electric field. According to the pollution inhomogeneity of roof insulator along the direction of insulator and surrounding insulator in high speed airflow environment, the calculation method of residual resistance for flashover of polluted non-uniform distribution is put forward, and the flashover characteristics of insulator with different pollution distribution are compared. The influence of contamination distribution along the surface and non-uniform distribution of the surrounding insulator on the flashover voltage is obtained. The pollution of Xiupu section along Chengdu-Qingchengshan high-speed railway is collected, the model of polluted water loss is established, the electrical characteristics in the process of polluted water loss of electrified railway are analyzed, and the characterization parameters and methods of pollution degree of insulator are obtained. According to the structural characteristics of the roof receiving equipment of high-speed train, the falling process of water droplets in the roof parts on the contact network is analyzed, the effect of effective conductive water drops on the space electric field of the roof is compared, and a representation method of the overall distortion of the roof electric field is put forward. The influence of water droplet distribution, landing position, roof insulation and train speed along the catenary on the roof electric field is calculated, and the optimum scheme of roof high-voltage equipment is put forward by comparing the electric field distribution of different design modes of the roof.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U264.3;TM216

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