本文選題：風(fēng)力發(fā)電機 + 光伏電池　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：過去的50年里,人類所使用的一次能源主要為石油、天燃?xì)夂兔禾康然茉�。從長遠(yuǎn)來看,以化石能源為主的經(jīng)濟已不能滿足可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需求,人們必須盡快地進行能源消費結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)型,盡可能地發(fā)展水電、太陽能、風(fēng)能、生物質(zhì)能等各種可再生能源。微電網(wǎng)將分布式電源、儲能裝置、控制系統(tǒng)和電力負(fù)荷集成一體,是未來分布式電源的主要運行模式。微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的建模與仿真技術(shù)是微電網(wǎng)研究的起點,可為進一步深層次的理論探討提供研究平臺和驗證手段。 本文針對不同微電源的數(shù)學(xué)模型搭建了各自的仿真模塊,參照各微電源實際相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進行仿真分析,同時考慮各自微電源的燃料成本,維護成本及排放成本,采用粒子群算法和遺傳算法優(yōu)化分配各微電源的有功出力,達(dá)到微網(wǎng)運行成本最低的目標(biāo)。主要的研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)利用Matlab搭建Savonius風(fēng)力機仿真模型,進而利用永磁同步發(fā)電機搭建風(fēng)力發(fā)電機模型,得到了在風(fēng)速和空氣密度變化下的輸出線電壓曲線,驗證了風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的輸出電壓主要受風(fēng)速及風(fēng)輪狀態(tài)參數(shù)葉尖速比的影響； (2)導(dǎo)出光伏電池的工程用數(shù)學(xué)模型,在Matlab下進行建模仿真。分析了光伏電池在不同條件下(光照強度和電池溫度)I-U、 P-U特性曲線,對光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的DC-DC升壓變換器和PWM控制模塊進行了分析設(shè)計,利用S-Function模塊對電導(dǎo)增量法、擾動觀察法和改進型擾動觀察法進行了編程實現(xiàn)。給出了光伏電池發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的離網(wǎng)仿真模型和單相并網(wǎng)仿真模型,對之前的各MPPT算法進行仿真分析,驗證了并網(wǎng)時大電網(wǎng)對光伏陣列輸出電壓起到了一定的穩(wěn)定作用,保證了其電能質(zhì)量,同時也驗證了基于電導(dǎo)增量原理的MPPT算法能夠很好地跟蹤光伏陣列的最大輸出功率； (3)對蓄電池的基本概念和基本特性以及鉛酸電池的充電控制方法及常用的等效模型進行了概述,最后搭建了光伏儲能系統(tǒng)的仿真模型； (4)以微電網(wǎng)總運行成本最小為求解目標(biāo),考慮到風(fēng)力發(fā)電機、光伏陣列有功出力受自然條件影響較大,通常工作在最大功率點,兩者的發(fā)電成本低,幾乎無溫室氣體排放,因此優(yōu)先安排其有功出力,并以柴油發(fā)電機、微型燃?xì)廨啓C及燃料電池輸出的有功功率為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的尋優(yōu)參數(shù)；探討孤島運行方式下基于粒子群算法及二進制遺傳算法的尋優(yōu)求解過程,分析兩種算法的優(yōu)缺點,給出了孤島運行條件下微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷優(yōu)化分配方案。
[Abstract]:Over the past 50 years, primary energy used by humans has been fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal. In the long run, the economy dominated by fossil energy can no longer meet the needs of sustainable development. People must transform the structure of energy consumption as soon as possible and develop hydropower, solar and wind energy as much as possible. Biomass energy and other renewable energy sources. Microgrid will integrate distributed power generation, energy storage device, control system and power load, which is the main operation mode of distributed power generation in the future. Modeling and simulation technology of microgrid system is the starting point of microgrid research, which can provide a research platform and verification means for further theoretical research. In this paper, the simulation modules of different micro-power supply models are built, and the simulation analysis is carried out according to the actual data of each micro-power supply. At the same time, the fuel cost, maintenance cost and emission cost of each micro-power supply are considered. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to optimize the distribution of active power output of each micro-power supply to achieve the goal of minimum operation cost of microgrid. The main contents of the study are as follows: 1) Matlab is used to build Savonius wind turbine simulation model and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used to build wind turbine model. The output line voltage curve is obtained under the change of wind speed and air density. It is verified that the output voltage of the wind turbine is mainly affected by the wind speed and the blade tip speed ratio of the wind turbine state parameter. The mathematical model of photovoltaic cell is derived and simulated under Matlab. The characteristic curves of photovoltaic cells under different conditions (light intensity and cell temperature) I-U, P-U are analyzed. The DC-DC boost converter and PWM control module in photovoltaic power generation system are analyzed and designed. The S-Function module is used to measure the conductance increment. The disturbance observation method and the improved disturbance observation method are programmed. The off-grid simulation model and single-phase grid-connected simulation model of photovoltaic power generation system are presented. The simulation analysis of previous MPPT algorithms proves that the large grid plays a certain stabilizing role on the output voltage of photovoltaic array during grid-connected. The power quality is guaranteed, and the MPPT algorithm based on conductance increment is proved to be able to track the maximum output power of photovoltaic array well. (3) the basic concept and characteristics of battery, the charging control method of lead-acid battery and the common equivalent model are summarized. Finally, the simulation model of photovoltaic energy storage system is built. Taking the minimum total operating cost of microgrid as the target, considering the wind turbine, the active power output of the photovoltaic array is greatly affected by natural conditions, usually working at the maximum power point, the cost of generating electricity is low, and there is almost no greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, priority is given to the active power output, and the optimal parameters of the objective function are the active power output of the diesel generator, the micro gas turbine and the fuel cell. The optimization process based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and binary genetic algorithm (BGA) is discussed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of the two algorithms are analyzed and the optimal load distribution scheme for microgrid under the condition of islanding operation is presented.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM61

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