本文選題：功率因數(shù)校正 + 電壓尖峰�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：電力電子設(shè)備前端普遍采用電容濾波型橋式結(jié)構(gòu)，，這會(huì)對(duì)電網(wǎng)造成諧波污染。有源功率因數(shù)校正技術(shù)（APFC）是一種提高用電設(shè)備功率因數(shù)、抑制電力電子設(shè)備諧波污染的有效方法。傳統(tǒng)的功率因數(shù)校正變換器是由模擬控制實(shí)現(xiàn)的。隨著電力電子設(shè)備往小型化、高效率、智能化方向發(fā)展，由于數(shù)字控制器具有體積小、功耗低、處理數(shù)據(jù)量大、處理精度高、易于擴(kuò)展和升級(jí)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，數(shù)字控制的功率因數(shù)校正電路也引起了人們的青睞。隨著高速、廉價(jià)的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器的推出，數(shù)字控制技術(shù)將成為功率因數(shù)校正技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中的一個(gè)重要研究方向。 相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的單級(jí)PFC變換器，全橋單級(jí)PFC在大功率應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)：輸入與輸出電氣隔離、橋臂不存在直通危險(xiǎn)等。但是，由于全橋單級(jí)PFC變換器中的變壓器一次側(cè)存在漏感，其在開(kāi)關(guān)切換瞬間會(huì)在橋臂上產(chǎn)生較大的電壓尖峰。為了抑制該電壓尖峰，本文提出一種由電感、電容和二極管組成的無(wú)源緩沖技術(shù)。該緩沖電路中的電容能夠有效地吸收變壓器原邊電壓尖峰，并通過(guò)與電感諧振，可以將電容上的能量傳遞給負(fù)載，實(shí)現(xiàn)能量的有效利用。通過(guò)抑制橋臂電壓尖峰，可以大大降低開(kāi)關(guān)管的電壓應(yīng)力，提高電路可靠性。與此同時(shí)，緩沖電路的采樣還可以輔助部分開(kāi)關(guān)管實(shí)現(xiàn)零電壓開(kāi)通，有利于提高電路效率。 為了解決傳統(tǒng)的PFC控制算法運(yùn)算量大、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的缺點(diǎn)，論文研究了一種占空比預(yù)測(cè)的新型控制算法。該算法具有原理簡(jiǎn)單、運(yùn)算量小、電流響應(yīng)快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，能夠充分發(fā)揮數(shù)字控制的優(yōu)勢(shì)。通過(guò)建立占空比與輸入電壓、輸入電流以及輸出電壓的關(guān)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)功率因數(shù)校正。 在理論分析與軟件仿真的基礎(chǔ)上，搭建了硬件實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了無(wú)源緩沖電路對(duì)橋臂電壓尖峰的抑制效果，同時(shí)表明了變換器具有良好的功率因數(shù)校正功能。
[Abstract]:The capacitor filter bridge structure is widely used in the front end of power electronic equipment, which will cause harmonic pollution to the power grid. Active Power Factor Correction (APFC) is an effective method to improve power factor of power equipment and restrain harmonic pollution of power electronic equipment. The traditional power factor correction converter is realized by analog control. With the development of power electronic equipment towards miniaturization, high efficiency and intelligence, the digital controller has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption, large amount of data, high processing precision, easy to expand and upgrade, etc. The power factor correction circuit of digital control has also attracted people's favor. With the introduction of high speed and low cost digital signal processor, digital control technology will become an important research direction in the field of power factor correction technology. Compared with the traditional single-stage PFC converter, the full-bridge single-stage PFC has obvious advantages in high-power applications: the input and output electrical isolation, the bridge arm is not directly dangerous, and so on. However, because of the leakage inductance at the primary side of the transformer in the full-bridge single-stage PFC converter, the voltage spike will occur on the bridge arm at the moment of switching. In order to suppress the voltage spike, a passive buffer technique consisting of inductors, capacitors and diodes is proposed. The capacitor in the snubber circuit can absorb the peak of the transformer's primary voltage effectively, and by resonance with the inductor, the energy on the capacitor can be transferred to the load, and the energy can be utilized effectively. By suppressing the voltage spike of the bridge arm, the voltage stress of the switch tube can be greatly reduced and the reliability of the circuit can be improved. At the same time, the sampling of snubber circuit can assist some switches to turn on zero voltage, which is helpful to improve the circuit efficiency. In order to solve the disadvantages of the traditional PFC control algorithm, which has large computation and complex structure, a new control algorithm for duty cycle prediction is studied in this paper. The algorithm has the advantages of simple principle, small computation, fast current response, and can give full play to the advantages of digital control. Power factor correction is realized by establishing the relationship between duty cycle and input voltage, input current and output voltage. On the basis of theoretical analysis and software simulation, a hardware experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that the passive snubber circuit can suppress the voltage spike of the bridge arm and that the converter has good power factor correction (PFC) function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM46

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