本文選題：電動(dòng)車輛 + 永磁同步電機(jī)��； 參考：《北京理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)隨著電動(dòng)車輛的迅速發(fā)展電驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)也進(jìn)入了快速發(fā)展時(shí)期，永磁同步電機(jī)作為電驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的核心部件更是得到了廣泛的關(guān)注和研究。但是隨著高功率密度和高扭矩密度電機(jī)的深入研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)永磁同步電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)和控制方式會(huì)引起電機(jī)內(nèi)部磁場(chǎng)波形的畸變，進(jìn)而在轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體產(chǎn)生大量的渦流損耗，導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體溫度嚴(yán)重升高甚至出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體退磁或轉(zhuǎn)子燒毀的現(xiàn)象。永磁同步電機(jī)定轉(zhuǎn)子設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)如轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體形狀、定子槽口寬度和分?jǐn)?shù)槽繞組，都會(huì)引起電機(jī)內(nèi)部磁場(chǎng)波形的畸變，使氣隙磁場(chǎng)含有大量的時(shí)間諧波和空間諧波。這些諧波與轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體磁場(chǎng)以不同轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，進(jìn)而在轉(zhuǎn)子永磁內(nèi)感應(yīng)出渦流、產(chǎn)生大量渦流損耗；當(dāng)電機(jī)采用脈寬調(diào)制（PulseWidth Modulation：PWM）控制方式時(shí)，尤其當(dāng)定子繞組電流較大并且含有大量時(shí)間諧波時(shí)，電機(jī)主磁場(chǎng)波形會(huì)發(fā)生較大畸變并含有大量的諧波，這些諧波與轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體以不同轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，在轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體內(nèi)感應(yīng)出大量渦流并產(chǎn)生渦流損耗。上述電機(jī)定轉(zhuǎn)子設(shè)計(jì)方式和大電流PWM控制方式都是高功率密度永磁同步電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)和控制的常用方法，因此研究轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體渦流損耗在上述設(shè)計(jì)條件和運(yùn)行條件下的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理和影響因素具有十分重要的意義。 本文針對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體渦流損耗，分別采用具有快速計(jì)算速度的解析計(jì)算方法和具有較高計(jì)算精度的電磁場(chǎng)有限元方法進(jìn)行分析；并對(duì)高功率密度永磁同步電機(jī)溫度場(chǎng)進(jìn)行分析，分別采用具有快速計(jì)算速度的集中參數(shù)熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)法和具有較高精度的溫度場(chǎng)有限元方法進(jìn)行分析。最后分別以大功率電驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)所使用內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)子大功率永磁同步電機(jī)和輪轂電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中所使用外轉(zhuǎn)子輪轂永磁同步電機(jī)作為研究對(duì)象，開展轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體渦流損耗研究和溫度場(chǎng)研究，并通過(guò)臺(tái)架實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證理論分析結(jié)果。 首先，分析永磁同步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體內(nèi)渦流損耗產(chǎn)生機(jī)理和解析表達(dá)方式，提出一種基于穿透深度的渦流損耗分析方法。分別分析轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體對(duì)自身產(chǎn)生的渦流損耗，繞組時(shí)間諧波在永磁體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的渦流損耗，繞組空間諧波在永磁體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的渦流損耗，和定子開口槽在轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的渦流損耗。 其次，基于電磁場(chǎng)數(shù)值計(jì)算方法建立永磁同步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體渦流損耗模型，通過(guò)電磁場(chǎng)有限元方法分析電機(jī)永磁體、分?jǐn)?shù)槽繞組結(jié)構(gòu)、定子繞組時(shí)間諧波和定子槽口寬度對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體渦流損耗的影響。分析電機(jī)氣隙磁場(chǎng)的波形和永磁體內(nèi)部磁場(chǎng)波形，并得到轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體內(nèi)部的渦流電流密度分布和渦流損耗密度分布情況。建立各類參數(shù)與轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體渦流損耗的關(guān)系。 再次，分別通過(guò)集中參數(shù)熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)法和溫度場(chǎng)有限元方法研究?jī)?nèi)轉(zhuǎn)子大功率永磁同步電機(jī)和外轉(zhuǎn)子輪轂永磁同步電機(jī)的整體溫度場(chǎng)和轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體的溫度場(chǎng)。在集中參數(shù)熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)法研究過(guò)程中詳細(xì)分析電機(jī)內(nèi)對(duì)流傳熱、傳導(dǎo)傳熱以及接觸傳熱，建立整個(gè)電機(jī)在不同冷卻條件下的熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，得到電機(jī)各組成部分的溫度分布并著重分析轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體的溫度場(chǎng)分布。溫度場(chǎng)有限元方法研究中，建立電機(jī)溫度場(chǎng)模型，分析永磁同步電機(jī)的溫度場(chǎng)分布和熱流密度分布，得到不同的運(yùn)行模式和冷卻條件下電機(jī)內(nèi)部的溫度場(chǎng)分布，并重點(diǎn)分析轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體溫度分布情況和氣隙溫度分布情況。 論文還研究轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體渦流損耗的測(cè)量方法，提出一種基于電機(jī)反電勢(shì)下降法測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體渦流損耗的方法。利用轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體隨溫度升高而出現(xiàn)可逆退磁的現(xiàn)象，通過(guò)測(cè)量反電勢(shì)電壓的下降值得到轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體內(nèi)渦流損耗值；并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子永磁體損耗的三維解析分析方法結(jié)果和有限元方法結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與理論分析顯示出良好的一致性；通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定電機(jī)的溫升情況，，對(duì)電機(jī)溫度場(chǎng)熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)法分析結(jié)果和溫度場(chǎng)有限元方法分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，理論分析結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果具有良好的一致性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of electric vehicles, the electric drive system has also entered a rapid development period. As the core component of the electric drive system, permanent magnet synchronous motor has received extensive attention and research. However, with the deep research of high power density and high torque density motor, the design parameters and control of permanent magnet synchronous motor are found. The mode can cause the distortion of the magnetic field wave in the motor, and then produce a lot of eddy current loss in the rotor permanent magnet, which causes the temperature of the rotor permanent magnet to be seriously elevated and even the rotor permanent magnet degaussing or the rotor is destroyed. It can cause the distortion of the internal magnetic field of the motor, which makes the air gap magnetic field contain a lot of time harmonics and space harmonics. These harmonics rotate at different rotational speeds with the magnetic field of the rotor permanent magnet, and then induce eddy current in the rotor permanent magnet, and produce a lot of eddy current loss; when the motor uses pulse width modulation (PulseWidth Modulation:PWM) control mode In particular, when the stator winding current is large and contains a lot of time harmonics, the main magnetic field waveform of the motor will be distorted and contains a lot of harmonics. These harmonics rotate at different rotational speeds with the rotor permanent magnets, induce a large number of eddy current in the rotor permanent magnet and produce the eddy current loss. The PWM control mode is a common method for the design and control of high power density permanent magnet synchronous motor. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the eddy current loss of the rotor permanent magnet in the design conditions and operating conditions.
In this paper, the eddy current loss of rotor permanent magnet is analyzed by the analytical calculation method with fast calculation speed and the finite element method with high calculation precision, and the temperature field of high power density permanent magnet synchronous motor is analyzed. The high precision finite element method of temperature field is analyzed. Finally, the rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) used in the large power permanent magnet synchronous motor and hub motor drive system is used as the research object, and the study of the rotor permanent magnet eddy current loss and the study of the temperature field are carried out. The results of the theoretical analysis are verified by the frame experiment.
Firstly, the mechanism and analytical expression of eddy current loss in permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor permanent magnet are analyzed. A method of eddy current loss analysis based on penetration depth is proposed. The eddy current loss of the rotor permanent magnet to itself, the eddy loss produced by the winding time harmonics in the permanent magnet, and the space harmonics of the winding in the permanent magnet are analyzed. The eddy current loss and the eddy current loss generated by the stator opening slot in the rotor permanent magnet.
Secondly, the eddy current loss model of permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor is established based on the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method. Through the finite element method of electromagnetic field, the influence of the structure of the permanent magnet, the fractional slot winding structure, the stator winding time harmonics and the stator slot width on the eddy current loss of the rotor permanent magnet is analyzed. The distribution of eddy current density and the distribution of eddy current loss in the permanent magnet of the rotor are obtained. The relationship between various parameters and the eddy current loss of the rotor permanent magnet is established.
Thirdly, the temperature field and temperature field of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor are studied by the concentrated parameter thermal network and the temperature field finite element method. The convection heat transfer, conduction, heat transfer and contact in the motor are analyzed in detail during the study of the centralized parameter thermal network method. The thermal network model of the whole motor under different cooling conditions is established, the temperature distribution of the components of the motor is obtained and the temperature distribution of the permanent magnet is analyzed. In the study of the finite element method of the temperature field, the temperature field model of the motor is established, and the distribution of temperature field and the heat flux distribution of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is analyzed, and the difference of the temperature field is analyzed. The operating mode and the temperature field distribution inside the motor under cooling condition are analyzed, and the temperature distribution and the temperature distribution of the air gap of the rotor permanent magnet are analyzed.
The method of measuring the eddy current loss of the rotor permanent magnet is also studied. A method of measuring the eddy current loss of the rotor permanent magnet based on the back EMF reduction method is proposed. The reversible demagnetization of the rotor permanent magnets with the increase of the temperature is used. The eddy current loss in the rotor permanent magnet is obtained by measuring the drop value of the back EMF voltage; The results of the three dimensional analytical method and the finite element method of the rotor permanent magnet loss are verified by experiments. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The results of the thermal network analysis and the finite element analysis of the temperature field are verified by the test of the temperature rise of the motor. The analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM341

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