本文選題：開關(guān)磁阻 + 非線性建模��； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)前世界各主要國(guó)家大力發(fā)展節(jié)能減排技術(shù)的背景下，電機(jī)能效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷提高，電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，具有高效、堅(jiān)固、低造價(jià)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)(SRM)迎來良好的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。然而轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)以及對(duì)位置傳感器的依賴限制了SRM在諸多領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用推廣。針對(duì)SRM的平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩及無位置傳感器控制，本文展開了一系列研究，主要內(nèi)容如下： 對(duì)SRM控制技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究首先需建立精確的電機(jī)模型。本文給出一種開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)磁鏈特性曲線快速測(cè)量方法，并以此建立SRM非線性模型。利用SRM特有的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱性，無需額外機(jī)械裝置，通過導(dǎo)通單相或串聯(lián)的多相繞組，轉(zhuǎn)子可穩(wěn)定在若干個(gè)對(duì)稱位置，從而獲取多條磁鏈曲線。受相間互感影響，多相勵(lì)磁條件下獲取的磁鏈曲線不能直接用于建模，對(duì)此本文提出通過等效磁路分析獲取等效單相勵(lì)磁條件下的磁鏈特性的方法�；趯�(shí)測(cè)的多條磁鏈曲線，采用傅立葉級(jí)數(shù)建立電機(jī)磁鏈特性和轉(zhuǎn)矩特性數(shù)學(xué)模型。為驗(yàn)證動(dòng)態(tài)運(yùn)行時(shí)模型的精度，本文引入硬件在環(huán)技術(shù)，使虛擬的電機(jī)模型與實(shí)際電機(jī)同步運(yùn)行。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明電機(jī)模型具有較高精度，驗(yàn)證了方法的有效性。 較大的轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)是限制SRM應(yīng)用于伺服控制領(lǐng)域的主要原因。對(duì)于一臺(tái)給定的SRM，可通過控制消除轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)，輸出平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩。受直流母線電壓以及可允許最大電流限制，SRM系統(tǒng)只能輸出有限的平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩，且可輸出的最大平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩是轉(zhuǎn)速的函數(shù)，被定義為“平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩—轉(zhuǎn)速特性”。為評(píng)估和充分利用SRM的轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩的能力，本文提出了一種確定電機(jī)平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩—轉(zhuǎn)速特性、以及實(shí)現(xiàn)最大平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出的方法。平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩—轉(zhuǎn)速特性與平均轉(zhuǎn)矩—轉(zhuǎn)速特性分別代表電機(jī)輸出平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩與平均轉(zhuǎn)矩的能力，二者比值則表明執(zhí)行平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩控制時(shí)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)矩的利用率。使用所提方法可獲取電壓需求最小的轉(zhuǎn)矩分配函數(shù)，仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，與常用的四種轉(zhuǎn)矩分配函數(shù)相比，優(yōu)化后的轉(zhuǎn)矩分配函數(shù)可輸出更大范圍的平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩。 相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)矩分配函數(shù)法，直接瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩控制無需預(yù)先規(guī)劃參考相電流或相磁鏈，具有較強(qiáng)實(shí)用性與通用性。直接轉(zhuǎn)矩瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩控制器主要由轉(zhuǎn)矩觀測(cè)器和轉(zhuǎn)矩滯環(huán)控制器構(gòu)成。本文采用常用的查表法實(shí)時(shí)獲取總轉(zhuǎn)矩，重點(diǎn)研究了轉(zhuǎn)矩滯環(huán)控制器。在換相過程中，相鄰兩相的轉(zhuǎn)矩滯環(huán)控制器各有一組閾值，兩組閾值之間的大小關(guān)系決定了兩相繞組的電平狀態(tài)，基于對(duì)平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩—轉(zhuǎn)速特性的研究結(jié)果，本文通過設(shè)置合適的閾值，提出了一種可實(shí)現(xiàn)最大平滑轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出的新型直接瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩控制器。與傳統(tǒng)直接瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩控制相比，所提方法可自行確定最優(yōu)關(guān)斷角，無需額外的角度優(yōu)化策略，簡(jiǎn)化了控制過程。 目前大多數(shù)無位置傳感器控制技術(shù)依賴電機(jī)磁鏈模型，降低了其實(shí)用性與通用性。對(duì)此本文提出基于特殊位置檢測(cè)的無位置傳感器控制方法。任意一臺(tái)具有常規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)的SRM，其梯形相電感存在三個(gè)特殊點(diǎn)，第一個(gè)為最小電感區(qū)始端位置，第二個(gè)為最小電感末端位置，第三個(gè)為最大電感始端位置。電流在該三個(gè)位置出現(xiàn)極值點(diǎn)，通過檢測(cè)電流極值點(diǎn)可獲取位置信息�，F(xiàn)有的電流梯度法用于檢測(cè)第二個(gè)特殊位置，本文提出的方法用于檢測(cè)第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)特殊位置。仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，所提方法在無電機(jī)模型的條件下可實(shí)現(xiàn)無位置傳感器控制。此外，，本文使用零相移濾波器對(duì)三種方法的檢測(cè)精度進(jìn)行了分析，對(duì)三種方法適用的轉(zhuǎn)速范圍以及其他性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。
[Abstract]:In the background of the major countries in the world to develop energy saving and emission reduction technologies, the energy efficiency standards of motor are continuously improved, and the electric vehicle industry is developing rapidly. The switched reluctance motor (SRM) with the advantages of high efficiency, sturdy and low cost has a good development opportunity. However, the torque ripple and the dependence on the position sensor restrict the SRM in many ways. In this paper, a series of researches on smooth torque and sensorless control of SRM are carried out. The main contents are as follows:
It is necessary to establish an accurate motor model for the study of the SRM control technology. In this paper, a fast measurement method of the magnetic chain characteristic curve of the switched reluctance motor is presented, and the SRM nonlinear model is established. The rotor can be stable by using the symmetry of the geometric structure of the SRM, without additional mechanical devices and through the multiphase winding of single phase or series. In several symmetric positions, multiple magnetic chain curves are obtained. Under the influence of mutual inductance, the magnetic chain curves obtained under multiphase excitation can not be directly used for modeling. In this paper, the equivalent magnetic circuit analysis method is proposed to obtain the equivalent magnetic chain characteristics under the equivalent single-phase excitation condition. The mathematical model of the motor flux and torque characteristics is established. In order to verify the accuracy of the dynamic running model, the hardware in the loop technology is introduced in this paper to synchronize the virtual motor model with the actual motor. The experimental results show that the motor model has a high accuracy and the effectiveness of the method is verified.
The larger torque ripple is the main reason that limits the application of SRM to servo control. For a given SRM, the torque ripple can be eliminated and the output is smooth. The SRM system can only output a limited smooth torque by the DC bus voltage and the allowable maximum current limit, and the maximum output smooth torque is the speed. The function is defined as a "smooth torque speed characteristic". In order to evaluate and make full use of the torque output of the torque output of SRM, this paper presents a method to determine the smooth torque speed characteristic of the motor and the maximum smooth torque output. The smooth torque speed characteristic and the average torque speed characteristic represent the motor respectively. The ability to output the smooth torque and the average torque is output, and the ratio of the two shows the utilization ratio of the torque to the smooth torque control. The proposed method can obtain the torque distribution function with the minimum voltage demand. The simulation and experimental results show that the optimized torque distribution function can be more model than the four common torque distribution functions. The smooth torque peri.
In the relative torque distribution function method, the direct torque control does not need to plan the reference phase current or phase magnetic chain in advance. The direct torque torque controller is mainly composed of torque observer and torque hysteresis loop controller. This paper uses common table lookup method to obtain the total torque in real time. The torque hysteresis loop is focused on the torque hysteresis loop. In the process of commutation, the two phase two phase torque hysteresis controller each has a set of thresholds. The size relation between the two sets of thresholds determines the level state of the two phase winding. Based on the research result of the smooth torque and speed characteristic, a new type of maximum smooth torque output is proposed by setting the appropriate threshold. Direct instantaneous torque controller (DTC). Compared with the traditional direct torque control, the proposed method can automatically determine the optimal turn off angle without additional angle optimization strategy, which simplifies the control process.
At present, most of the sensorless control technologies are dependent on the motor flux linkage model, which reduces the practicality and generality. This paper proposes a position sensorless control method based on special position detection. Any SRM with conventional structure has three special points for the phase inductor of the ladder, the first is the location of the beginning of the minimum inductance region. The second is the position of the end of the minimum inductor and the third is the beginning of the maximum inductor. The current is at the extreme point of the three positions. The position information can be obtained by detecting the extreme point of the current. The current current gradient method is used to detect the second special positions. The method proposed in this paper is used to detect the first and third special positions. Simulation and The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve sensorless control under the condition of no motor model. In addition, this paper uses zero phase shift filter to analyze the detection accuracy of the three methods, and compares the applicable speed range and other performance of the three methods.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM352

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本文編號(hào)：1846914